KARAKTERISTIK BENIH KAYU BAWANG (Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs) BERDASARKAN TINGKAT PENGERINGAN DAN RUANG PENYIMPANAN - Naning Yuniarti; Nurhasybi Nurhasybi; Darwo Darwo (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, 2016)
ABSTRACTSeed characteristics are important to be known for determining the proper seed handling techniques. The aim of this research is to reveal the characteristics of kayu bawang seed. The tests were conducted based on drying times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 hours) and seed room storage (ambient room, air conditioned room, refrigerator). The results showed that kayu bawang seeds are belong to the recalcitrant seeds with initial moisture content of 57.21%, germination percentage of 83%, fat content of 17.04%, carbohydrate content of 9.07% and protein content of 12.69%. Drying rate and the room storage factors affected significanlyt on germination, moisture content, carbohydrate and fat content of kayu bawang seed, while the protein content was the only factor that had significant effect to period time of storage. Longer drying times decreased water content, germinationrate and carbohydrates content. In contrary, longer drying times increased fat and protein contents. Kayu bawang seeds can be stored at ambient room or air conditioned room and should be germinated shortly and it has to be planted.Keywords: Azadirachta excelsa, characteristics, drying, seed, storageABSTRAKKarakteristik benih penting diketahui karena untuk menentukan teknik penanganan benih secara tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeetahui karakteristik benih kayu bawang. Pengujian dilakukan berdasarkan tingkat pengeringan (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 jam) dan ruang penyimpanan benih (ruang suhu kamar, AC, kulkas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih kayu bawang termasuk benih reklasitran dengan kadar air awal 57,21%, daya berkecambah 83%, kadar lemak 17,04%, kadar karbohidrat 9,07% dan kadar protein 12,69%. Faktor tingkat pengeringan dan tempat penyimpanan benih berpengaruh signifikan terhadap daya berkecambah, kadar air, kadar karbohidrat dan kadar lemak benih kayu bawang sedangkan terhadap kadar protein hanya faktor waktu simpan yang berpengaruh nyata. Semakin lama benih dikeringkan mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kadar air, daya berkecambah dan kadar karbohidrat, namun meningkatkan kadar lemak dan protein. Benih kayu bawang bisa disimpan di ruang kamar atau di ruang AC dalam waktu singkat dan harus segera disemaikan.Kata kunci : Azadirachta excelsa, karakteristik benih, pengeringan, penyimpanan