Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dan Organik serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) - Lucky, Maylani; Tobing, Laurensius; Novitasari, Filda; Erwin, Erwin (Program Studi Agroteknologi Universitas Siliwangi, 2025)
Tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) termasuk produk hortikultura dengan prospek ekonomi yang sangat baik, namun produksinya di Kalimantan Barat masih rendah akibat keterbatasan kesuburan tanah podsolik merah kuning (PMK). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemupukan organik dan NPK serta menentukan dosis terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Institut Teknologi Keling Kumang pada Mei–Agustus 2025 menggunakan rancangan Split Plot dengan perlakuan utama pupuk organik (P1: kotoran ayam, P2: sludge) dan anak petak pupuk NPK dengan dosis N0: 0 g, N1: 5 g, N2: 10 g, N3: 15 g, dan N4: 20 g per tanaman, masing-masing dilakukan dalam tiga ulangan. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, bobot umbi, dan jumlah umbi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan ANOVA yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ pada taraf 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk NPK dan organik berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif bawang merah. Pupuk NPK dosis 15 g/tanaman memberikan hasil terbaik pada tinggi tanaman (39,46 cm), jumlah anakan (6,65 rumpun), dan berat umbi (42,41 g), serta lebih efisien dibanding dosis 20 g. Pupuk organik kotoran ayam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman (41,09 cm), jumlah daun (25,71 helai), dan jumlah anakan (6,35 rumpun) dibanding sludge. Namun, pemberian pupuk tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah umbi. Kombinasi pupuk NPK 15 g/tanaman dan pupuk kandang ayam direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta produktivitas bawang merah secara optimal di tanah PMK. Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a high-economic-value horticultural commodity; however, its production in West Kalimantan remains low due to the limited fertility of red-yellow podzolic (PMK) soils. This investigation aimed to explore the effect of organic and NPK fertilizers and identify the optimal dosage for shallot growth and yield. The research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Institut Teknologi Keling Kumang from May to August 2025 using a Split Plot Design. The main plots consisted of organic fertilizers (P1: chicken manure, P2: sludge), and the subplots were NPK fertilizer doses (N0: 0 g, N1: 5 g, N2: 10 g, N3: 15 g, N4: 20 g per plant), with three replications. Observed variables included plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, bulb weight, and number of bulbs. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with LSD at 5%. The results showed that NPK and organic fertilizers significantly affected the vegetative growth of shallots. An NPK dose of 15 g/plant resulted in the best performance for plant height (39.46 cm), number of tillers (6.65 clumps), and bulb weight (42.41 g), and was more efficient than the 20 g dose. Chicken manure improved plant height (41.09 cm), number of leaves (25.71), and number of tillers (6.35 clumps) compared to sludge. However, fertilizer application did not significantly affect the number of bulbs. The combination of 15 g NPK/plant and chicken manure is recommended to enhance shallot growth and yield on PMK soils.