Analisis Kejadian Kardiomegali pada Pasien Hipertensi dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Berlebih di RS Ibnu Sina YW-UMI Makassar - Mursyidin, Farhani Amaliyah; Julyani, Sri; Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Nurhikmawati, Nurhikmawati; Tahir, Akina Maulidhany (Universitas Malahayati, 2025)
ABSTRACT Enlargement of the heart organ, known as cardiomegaly, develops as a compensatory response to pressure overload and volume overload, which causes increased tension in the muscular walls of the heart. The onset of cardiomegaly can be triggered by hypertension and obesity. During prolonged high blood pressure conditions, the heart is forced to perform extra work in distributing blood to various parts of the body. Obesity leads to increased TNF-alpha produced by adipose cells. TNF-alpha then forms bonds with receptors in the myocardium and results in a series of myocyte apoptosis and fibrosis processes that lead to cardiomegaly. This study was conducted to observe the incidence of cardiomegaly in patients with hypertension and excessive Body Mass Index (BMI) who were treated at Ibnu Sina YW-UMI Hospital Makassar. The method applied was descriptive observational through a cross-sectional design. Sample collection was conducted through secondary data. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate approaches. From a total of 119 samples, it was found that 32 samples (26.9%) had cardiomegaly with hypertension, 30 samples (25.2%) had cardiomegaly with excessive BMI, and 57 samples (47.9%) had cardiomegaly with both hypertension and excessive BMI. The research results showed a significant relationship between hypertension and excessive BMI with the incidence of cardiomegaly (p= 0.01). Based on observations, the largest number of samples was found in the group of patients with hypertension who had excessive BMI, reaching 57 samples for cardiomegaly cases. Keywords: Cardiomegaly, Hypertension, Body Mass Index (BMI) ABSTRAK Pembesaran organ jantung yang disebut kardiomegali timbul sebagai respon kompensatoris akibat pressure overload maupun volume overload, yang menyebabkan bertambahnya ketegangan pada dinding muskular jantung. Munculnya kardiomegali dapat dipicu oleh kondisi hipertensi serta kegemukan. Saat kondisi tekanan darah tinggi berlangsung lama, organ jantung dipaksa melakukan kerja ekstra dalam mendistribusikan darah ke berbagai bagian tubuh. Kondisi kegemukan mengakibatkan peningkatan TNF alfa yang diproduksi sel adiposa. TNF alfa kemudian membentuk ikatan dengan reseptor di miokard dan mengakibatkan rangkaian proses apoptosis miosit dan fibrosis yang berujung pada kardiomegali. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan guna mengamati jumlah kejadian kardiomegali pada pasien hipertensi dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) berlebih yang dirawat di RS Ibnu Sina YW-UMI Makassar. Metode yang diterapkan ialah observasional deskriptif melalui desain cross sectional. Teknik pengumpulan sampel dilakukan melalui data sekunder. Analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Diketahui dari total 119 sampel, yang mengalami kardiomegali dengan hipertensi sebanyak 32 sampel (26,9%), kardiomegali dengan IMT berlebih sebanyak 30 sampel (25,2%), dan kardiomegali dengan hipertensi dan IMT berlebih sebanyak 57 sampel (47,9%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dalam keterkaitan hipertensi dan IMT berlebih dengan kejadian kardiomegali (p= 0,01). Berdasarkan pengamatan, jumlah sampel terbesar ditemukan pada kelompok pasien dengan hipertensi yang memiliki IMT berlebih, mencapai 57 sampel untuk kejadian kardiomegali. Kata Kunci: Kardiomegali, Hipertensi, IMT Berlebih