Evaluasi ketepatan dan keamanan terapi obat kardiovaskular pada lansia program rujuk balik (PRB) - Listiyanti, Melly; Priyanto, Priyanto (Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati, 2025)
Background: The elderly population is a vulnerable age group prone to degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. The management of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly requires special attention to the accuracy and safety of drug therapy to prevent dangerous complications. Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and safety of cardiovascular drug therapy in elderly patients enrolled in the referral back program. Method: This study employed a descriptive-comparative observational design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using total sampling from elderly patients during the study period. The variables analyzed included drug accuracy, dosage, frequency, timing, and therapy safety related to adverse effects and drug interactions. Results: The study showed drug accuracy of 99.22%, dosage accuracy of 86.82%, frequency accuracy of 100%, and timing accuracy of 92.00%. Reported adverse effects included leg edema (2.4%), dry cough (1.6%), muscle pain (2.8%), and severe dizziness (0.4%). Drug interaction categories were identified as major (9.63%), moderate (67.45%), and minor (22.91%). Conclusion: The accuracy of cardiovascular drug therapy in elderly patients was generally good; however, safety aspects particularly those related to adverse effects and drug interactions require greater attention in clinical practice. Keywords: Cardiovascular; Safety; Accuracy; Elderly; Referral Program . Pendahuluan: Lansia merupakan kelompok usia yang rentan terhadap penyakit degeneratif, termasuk penyakit kardiovaskular yang menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas global. Penatalaksanaan penyakit kardiovaskular pada lansia memerlukan perhatian khusus terhadap ketepatan dan keamanan terapi obat untuk mencegah komplikasi yang berbahaya. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi ketepatan dan keamanan terapi obat kardiovaskular pada pasien lansia yang terdaftar dalam program rujuk balik (PRB). Metode: Desain observasional deskriptif-komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui total sampling pada pasien lansia selama periode penelitian. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi ketepatan obat, dosis, frekuensi, waktu, serta keamanan terapi terkait efek samping dan interaksi obat. Hasil: Ketepatan obat sebesar 99.2%, ketepatan dosis 86.8%, ketepatan frekuensi 100%, dan ketepatan waktu 92.0%. Efek samping yang ditemukan adalah kaki bengkak (2.4%), batuk kering (1.6%), nyeri otot (2.8%), dan pusing berlebih (0.4%). Interaksi obat kategori mayor ditemukan sebesar 9.6%, moderat 67.5%, dan minor 22.9%. Simpulan: Ketepatan terapi obat kardiovaskular pada lansia tergolong baik, namun aspek keamanan, khususnya terkait efek samping dan interaksi obat, masih memerlukan perhatian lebih dalam praktik klinis. Kata Kunci: Kardiovaskular; Keamanan; Ketepatan; Lansia; Program Rujuk Balik (PRB).