Konsumsi Minuman Berpemanis dan Risiko Karies Gigi pada Remaja: Tinjauan Sistematis - Dhia Qathrin Nada; Diah Mulyawati Utari (Universitas Malahayati Lampung, 2025)
ABSTRACT Dental caries remains a major global oral health problem among adolescents, with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption identified as a key contributing factor. This study aims to review the scientific evidence regarding the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the occurrence of dental caries in adolescents. A literature review was conducted using the PRISMA framework. Articles were searched through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus with the keywords “Sugar-Sweetened Beverage,” “Soft Drink,” “Sugary Drink,” “Dental Caries,” and “Adolescent.” Inclusion criteria included primary studies published from 2020 onwards, involving adolescents aged 10–19 years. Five eligible articles were identified from Latvia, Romania, Germany, China, and the United States. The findings consistently showed that higher consumption of SSBs was significantly associated with increased prevalence and severity of dental caries. Contributing factors include oral hygiene behavior, daily sugar intake, and early exposure to SSB. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is a significant risk factor for dental caries in adolescents. Preventive efforts should focus on reducing SSB intake, promoting oral hygiene practices, and implementing public health policies to limit sugar exposure among adolescents. Keywords: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage, Dental Caries, Adolescents, Soft Drinks, Tooth Decay. ABSTRAK Karies gigi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan gigi yang utama pada remaja, dengan konsumsi minuman berpemanis (sugar-sweetened beverages/SSB) sebagai salah satu faktor penyebab penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau bukti ilmiah mengenai hubungan konsumsi minuman berpemanis dengan kejadian karies gigi pada remaja. Tinjauan pustaka dilakukan dengan menggunakan kerangka PRISMA. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus dengan kata kunci “Sugar-Sweetened Beverage,” “Soft Drink,” “Sugary Drink,” “Dental Caries,” dan “Adolescent.” Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel penelitian primer yang terbit sejak tahun 2020 dengan subjek remaja usia 10–19 tahun. Sebanyak lima artikel dari Latvia, Rumania, Jerman, Cina, dan Amerika Serikat memenuhi kriteria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi minuman berpemanis berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan prevalensi dan keparahan karies gigi pada remaja. Faktor yang turut memengaruhi antara lain perilaku kebersihan mulut, asupan gula harian, serta paparan dini terhadap SSB. Konsumsi minuman berpemanis merupakan faktor risiko penting bagi terjadinya karies gigi pada remaja. Upaya pencegahan perlu difokuskan pada pembatasan konsumsi SSB, edukasi kebersihan mulut, serta kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat untuk mengurangi paparan gula pada remaja. Kata Kunci: Minuman Berpemanis, Minuman Ringan, Karies Gigi, Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut, Remaja.