EFEKTIFITAS MANAJEMEN RISIKO GEOTEKNIK DAN GEOHAZARD DENGAN METODE HYBRID PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI LAUT DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTRAK FIDIC - Yuristiary, Yelna (Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Riau Kepulauan, 2025)
ABSTRAK Proyek konstruksi laut seperti pelabuhan, jetty, dan fasilitas lepas pantai memiliki tingkat risiko tinggi akibat ketidakpastian kondisi geoteknik (seabed instability, soft clay, scouring, submarine landslide) dan faktor geohazard serta cuaca ekstrem. Risiko ini sering memicu keterlambatan, deviasi biaya, dan klaim kontraktual. Kontrak FIDIC mengatur pembagian risiko melalui klausul seperti 4.10 (Site Data), 4.12 (Unforeseeable Conditions), 13 (Variations), 17–19 (Risk & Force Majeure), dan 20 (Claims). Penelitian ini meninjau efektivitas penerapan manajemen risiko berbasis metode hybrid (Waterfall + Agile) pada proyek laut. Metode Waterfall digunakan untuk menjaga baseline kontrak dan kepatuhan FIDIC, sedangkan Agile memberikan fleksibilitas dalam menghadapi perubahan kondisi lapangan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan menghasilkan model konseptual manajemen risiko hybrid yang mampu meminimalisir dampak geoteknik dan geohazard, sekaligus meningkatkan efektivitas mitigasi serta kepastian kontraktual dalam proyek konstruksi laut. Kata kunci : manajemen risiko, geoteknik, geohazard, konstruksi laut, FIDIC, metode hybrid, Agile, Waterfall ABSTRACT Marine construction projects such as ports, jetties, and offshore facilities are characterized by high risks arising from geotechnical uncertainties (seabed instability, soft clay, scouring, submarine landslides), geohazards, and extreme weather conditions. These risks often lead to delays, cost deviations, and contractual claims. The FIDIC contract framework regulates risk allocation through clauses such as 4.10 (Site Data), 4.12 (Unforeseeable Conditions), 13 (Variations), 17–19 (Risk & Force Majeure), and 20 (Claims). This study examines the effectiveness of applying hybrid project risk management (Waterfall + Agile) in marine construction projects. The Waterfall approach ensures compliance with FIDIC provisions and maintains baseline planning, while the Agile approach provides flexibility in adapting to unforeseen geotechnical and environmental conditions. The expected outcome is a conceptual hybrid risk management model that minimizes the impacts of geotechnical and geohazard risks while enhancing mitigation effectiveness and contractual certainty in marine construction projects. Keyword : risk management, geotechnical risk, geohazard, marine construction, FIDIC, hybrid method, Agile, Waterfall