PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN RULE OF REASON DALAM PERSAINGAN USAHA DI INDONESIA (Studi Putusan: KPPU Nomor 04/KPPU-I/2021) - Ni Kadek Vionita Oktavieni; Dewa Ayu Dian Sawitri (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Udayana, 2025)
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dampak tindakan yang berpotensi menghambat persaingan atau melanggar hukum dalam praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, berdasarkan “Putusan Nomor 04/KPPU-I/2021”. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menelaah sumber hukum primer seperti “Putusan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU)”, serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur terkait. Temuan studi menunjukkan bahwa hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia mengidentifikasi dua pendekatan, yakni “rule of reason” dan “per se illegal” untuk menganalisis pelanggaran terhadap “Undang-Undang No 5 Tahun 1999”. Dalam kasus PT Aero Citra Kargo (PT ACK), KPPU menerapkan pendekatan rule of reason guna mengevaluasi konsekuensi monopoli dalam pengelolaan transportasi ekspor Benih Bening Lobster (BBL). PT ACK terbukti melanggar Pasal 17 dengan penguasaan lebih dari 50% pangsa pasar dan penetapan tarif tidak wajar yang merugikan eksportir. Analisis menyimpulkan bahwa “monopoli yang dilakukan PT ACK telah menciptakan hambatan persaingan dan merugikan kepentingan umum, sehingga memenuhi unsur pelanggaran sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang”. Kata Kunci: Rule of Reason, Per se Illegal, Monopoli, Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, KPPU, Benih Bening Lobster. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of actions that have the potential to hinder competition or violate the law in monopolistic practices and unfair business competition, based on “Decision Number 04/KPPU-I/2021”. The research approach used is normative juridical, by examining primary legal sources such as the “Decision of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU)”, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of related literature. The study findings show that competition law in Indonesia identifies two approaches, namely “rule of reason” and “per se illegal” to analyze violations of “Law No. 5 of 1999”. In the case of PT Aero Citra Kargo (PT ACK), KPPU applied the rule of reason approach to evaluate the consequences of monopoly in managing the export transportation of Lobster Clear Seeds (BBL). PT ACK was found to have violated Article 17 by controlling more than 50% of the market share and setting unreasonable tariffs that harmed exporters. The analysis concluded that “PT ACK's monopoly has created barriers to competition and harmed the public interest, thus fulfilling the elements of violation as stipulated in the law”. Key Words: Rule of Reason, Per se Illegal, Monopoly, Unfair Business Competition, Business Competition Supervisory Commission, Lobster Clear Seed.