Gambaran Histologi Aorta Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) dengan Asupan Pakan Tinggi Lemak dan Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) - Sri Isdadiyanto; Siti Muflichatun Mardiati; Emilia Yosephine Budianto (Departemen Biologi Universitas Diponegoro, 2025)
Mahoni mengandung beragam senyawa metabolit sekunder sebagai antioksidan serta mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Kadar kolesterol dalam darah yang tinggi (hiperlipid) memicu terjadinya penyumbatan pada aorta (aterosklerosis). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis gambaran histologi aorta hewan model hiperlipid dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol etanol biji mahoni (EEBM). EEBM diberikan secara peroral selama 32 hari. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus jantan dibagi enam kelompok perlakuan, yaitu P0: kontrol pakan standar, P1: kontrol pakan tinggi lemak, P2: pakan tinggi lemak + simvastatin 8mg /200gBB, P3-P5: pakan tinggi lemak + EEBM 14, 28, 54 mg/200gBB berurutan. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi tebal dinding, diameter lumen, dan gambaran histologi aorta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian EEBM pada dosis 28 dan 54 mg/ekor menurunkan tebal dinding dan meningkatkan diameter lumen aorta secara berarti (p≤0,05) dibanding kontrol hiperlipid (P1), demikian juga gambaran histologi aorta yang tidak menunjukkan lesi aterosklerosis seperti kemunculan sel busa. Sehingga, disimpulkan biji mahoni mampu mencegah kerusakan akibat pakan tinggi lemak dan berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengobatan. Mahogany has variety of secondary metabolites as antioxidants and can lower blood cholesterol levels. High levels of cholesterol in the blood (hyperlipid) lead to blockage of the aorta (atherosclerosis). The purpose of this study was to analyzed the histological features of mahagony seeds ethanolic extract (MSEE) induction for animal models of hyperlipid. MSEE was administered orally for 32 days. Total 30 male rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely P0: standard feed control, P1: high-fat diet control, P2: high-fat diet + simvastatin 8 mg/200gBW, P3-P5: high-fat diet + MSEE 14, 28, 54 mg/200gBW respectively. Parameters analyzed included wall thickness, lumen diameter, and histological features of the aorta. The results showed that administration of EEBM at doses of 28 and 54 mg/200gBW reduced wall thickness and increased diameter of the aortic lumen significantly (p<0.05) compared to hyperlipid (P1), as well as aortic histology which did not show atherosclerotic lesions such as the appearance of foam cells. It concluded that mahogany seeds was able to prevent damage from high-fat diets and has the potential as an alternative treatment.