REFORMULASI KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM BENTUK PERATURAN DAERAH TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN SEPEDA LISTRIK DI KOTA PONTIANAK - NIM. A1011221184, VELICIA HASIANNA SINAMBELA (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tanjungpura, 2025)
Abstract The development of modern transportation technology has led to an increasing use of electric bicycles, which are becoming more popular due to their environmentally friendly, practical, and economical characteristics. However, the use of electric bicycles in public spaces has created legal issues due to the unclear legal status of these vehicles under Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation. Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 45 of 2020 regulates only technical aspects, safety, and operational areas without providing sanction provisions. This condition causes law enforcement officers in Pontianak City to rely solely on persuasive measures, which are insufficient to ensure legal certainty and optimal traffic safety This study seeks to address the issue of how an appropriate reformulation of criminal law policy should be designed to regulate the use of electric bicycles in Pontianak City. The research employs a normative juridical method with a statute approach. The analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically to assess the adequacy of existing regulations and to formulate the necessary direction for policy reformulation.The findings show that the criminal law policy concerning electric bicycles remains normatively weak due to the absence of a legal basis that can serve as grounds for sanction enforcement. Therefore, a reformulation of criminal law policy is required in the form of a Regional Regulation that provides classifications of electric bicycles, mandatory inspection certification, speed limitations, prohibition of technical modifications, administrative sanctions, as well as criminal sanctions. Such reformulation is expected to provide legal certainty, enhance traffic safety, and strengthen the effectiveness of law enforcement in Pontianak City. Keywords: Electric Bicycle; Reformulation; Criminal Law Policy. Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi transportasi modern mendorong meningkatnya penggunaan sepeda listrik yang semakin diminati masyarakat karena sifatnya yang ramah lingkungan, praktis, dan ekonomis. Namun, penggunaan sepeda listrik di ruang publik menimbulkan persoalan hukum akibat belum jelasnya kedudukan kendaraan ini dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 45 Tahun 2020 hanya mengatur aspek teknis, keselamatan, dan kawasan operasional tanpa memuat ketentuan sanksi. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan aparat penegak hukum di Kota Pontianak hanya dapat melakukan penindakan persuasif sehingga belum mampu menciptakan kepastian hukum dan keselamatan lalu lintas secara optimal. Penelitian ini berupaya menjawab permasalahan terkait bagaimana reformulasi kebijakan hukum pidana yang tepat dalam mengatur penggunaan sepeda listrik di Kota Pontianak. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis untuk menilai kecukupan pengaturan yang berlaku dan merumuskan arah reformulasi kebijakan yang dibutuhkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan hukum pidana terkait penggunaan sepeda listrik masih lemah secara normatif karena tidak terdapat dasar hukum yang dapat dijadikan landasan penegakan sanksi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi kebijakan hukum pidana dalam bentuk Peraturan Daerah yang mengatur klasifikasi sepeda listrik, kewajiban tanda lolos uji, pembatasan kecepatan, larangan modifikasi teknis, sanksi administratif, serta sanksi pidana. Reformulasi tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan kepastian hukum, meningkatkan keselamatan lalu lintas, dan memperkuat efektivitas penegakan hukum di Kota Pontianak. Kata Kunci: Sepeda Listrik, Reformulasi, Kebijakan Hukum Pidana.