PELAKSANAAN PEMBAGIAN WARIS PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT MELAYU SAMBAS DI DESA SUNGAI NYIRIH KECAMATAN JAWAI KABUPATEN SAMBAS - NIM. A1011211218, HIFSILA BINTANG FORTUNA (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tanjungpura, 2025)
ABSTRAK Hukum kewarisan di Indonesia bersifat pluralistik, mencakup hukum Islam, hukum adat, dan hukum positif Indonesia. Di Desa Sungai Nyirih Kecamatan Jawai Kabupaten Sambas dengan mayoritas penduduk beragama Islam, pelaksanaan pembagian waris saat ini cenderung membagi harta secara sama rata antara anak laki-laki dan perempuan yang berbeda dengan pembagian menurut ketentuan hukum Islam. Fenomena pluralisme ini mendorong berlakunya dua sistem permbagian waris sekaligus memicu dominasi praktik adat dimana kini pembagian waris lebih banyak dikendalikan oleh norma adat melalui hibah semasa hidup dan mufakat keluarga. Kondisi tersebut memerlukan kajian mendalam tentang pengaruh konteks sosial-budaya terhadap perubahan pola pembagian waris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan angket kepada informan, yaitu pemuka adat setempat yang disebut Labai dan anggota keluarga ahli waris. Analisis data bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, bertujuan mengungkap pola praktik pembagian waris beserta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan brelakunya dua sistem pewarisan yakni Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat dengan dominasi mekanisme adat dalam praktik pembagian waris. Pembagian harta biasanya diwujudkan lewat hibah semasa hidup dan musyawarah mufakat keluarga. Pendekatan ini dipilih karena dianggap lebih adil dan menjaga keharmonisan sosial, dimana masyarakat membagi warisan sama rata guna mencegah perselisihan internal ketika pewaris telah tiada. Dominasi sistem adat dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan tradisi turun-temurun dan memprioritaskan persatuan keluarga. Akibatnya, sengketa waris relatif jarang terjadi, karena masyarakat lebih mengutamakan musyawarah, keikhlasan, dan kerukunan keluarga dalam pembagian harta. Kata Kunci: Hukum Adat, Melayu Sambas, Waris, Mufakat, Hibah ABSTRACT Inheritance law in Indonesia is pluralistic, encompassing Islamic law, customary law, and national positive law. In Sungai Nyirih Village, Jawai District, Sambas Regency, where the majority of the population is Muslim, the current practice of inheritance distribution tends to divide assets equally between sons and daughters, which differs from the provisions of Islamic inheritance law. This phenomenon of legal pluralism has driven a shift in practice, where inheritance is increasingly governed by customary norms through lifetime gifts hibah and family consensus. Such conditions necessitate an in-depth examination of how socio-cultural contexts influence changes in inheritance distribution patterns. This study employs a qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and questionnaires with informants, namely local customary leaders known as Labai and members of heirs’ families. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively, aiming to uncover the practical patterns of inheritance distribution and the factors that influence them. The findings reveal the dominance of customary mechanisms in inheritance practices. Asset distribution is typically carried out through lifetime gifts and family deliberation by consensus. This approach is preferred because it is considered fairer and better at maintaining social harmony, as families generally divide inheritance equally to prevent internal disputes after the death of the decedent. The shift toward customary systems is driven by the strength of long-standing traditions and the prioritization of family unity. As a result, inheritance disputes are relatively rare, since communities place greater emphasis on deliberation, sincerity, and family harmony in distributing assets. Keywords: Customary Law, Sambas Malaynese, Inheritence, Consensus, Hibah