Analisis Dampak Lingkungan Fisik terhadap Kejadian Malaria di Desa Hanura - Zaitunah Zaitunah; Samino Samino; Khoidar Amirus; Fitri Eka Sari Siregar (Universitas Malahayati Lampung, 2026)
ABSTRACT Malaria remains a significant health problem in coastal areas, including Hanura Village, Teluk Pandan Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency. Physical environmental factors such as light intensity, air temperature, humidity, and water pH play a role in the development of Anopheles vectors and malaria incidence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical environmental factors and malaria occurrence in Hanura Village in 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 339 households in Hanura Village. Environmental variables were directly measured in the field: light intensity (lux meter), air temperature (digital thermometer), humidity (hygrometer), and water pH (pH meter). Malaria occurrence data were obtained from medical records and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT). Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square test), and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses, including interaction tests. Bivariate analysis showed that air temperature and water pH were associated with malaria occurrence. Multivariate analysis indicated that air temperature (OR = 0.193; p = 0.010) was the dominant factor influencing malaria incidence, followed by water pH (OR = 0.563; p = 0.025). Light intensity was not directly significant but acted as a confounding variable. The interaction between air temperature and water pH was also not significant. Air temperature and water pH are significant environmental factors influencing malaria incidence in Hanura Village. The findings of this study can be utilized for environmentally based control strategies in efforts to prevent malaria in Hanura Village. Keywords: Malaria, Air Temperature, Water pH, Light Intensity, Hanura Village. ABSTRAK Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan di Desa Hanura, Kecamatan Teluk Pandan, Kabupaten Pesawaran. Faktor lingkungan fisik seperti intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, kelembapan udara, dan pH air berperan dalam perkembangan vektor Anopheles dan kejadian malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor lingkungan fisik dengan kejadian malaria di Desa Hanura tahun 2024. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pengambilan sampel sebanyak 339 rumah di Desa Hanura. Variabel lingkungan diukur langsung di lapangan: intensitas cahaya (lux meter), suhu udara (termometer digital), kelembapan udara (hygrometer), dan pH air (pH meter). Data kejadian malaria diperoleh dari rekam medis dan pemeriksaan RDT. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (uji Chi-Square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik), termasuk uji interaksi antarvariabel. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara dan pH air berhubungan dengan kejadian malaria. Analisis multivariat memperlihatkan bahwa suhu udara (OR = 0,193; p = 0,010) merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi kejadian malaria, diikuti pH air (OR = 0,563; p = 0,025). Intensitas cahaya tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung, tetapi berperan sebagai variabel confounding. Uji interaksi antara suhu udara dan pH air juga tidak signifikan. Suhu udara dan pH air merupakan faktor lingkungan fisik yang signifikan memengaruhi kejadian malaria di Desa Hanura. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk strategi pengendalian berbasis lingkungan dalam upaya pencegahan malaria di wilayah Desa hanura. Kata Kunci: Malaria, Suhu Udara, PH Air, Intensitas Cahaya, Desa Hanura