PENINGKATAN JANGKAUAN TELEMETRY UAV MENGGUNAKAN ANTENA YAGI 433 MHz DILENGKAPI PELACAK OTOMATIS BERBASIS GPS - Pradinawan, Aditya Putra; Wardihani, Eni Dwi; Triyono, Eddy; Ramdhani, Magfur (Universitas Lampung, 2026)
Abstrak Penelitian ini membahas perancangan, pengembangan, dan evaluasi sistem antena directional Yagi yang terintegrasi dengan pelacak otomatis berbasis GPS untuk meningkatkan jangkauan komunikasi pada Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) berbasis Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pada frekuensi 433 MHz. Antena Yagi-Uda 8 elemen dirancang menggunakan perangkat lunak YagiCAD dan dibuat dari pipa aluminium berdiameter 0,89 cm, menghasilkan gain sebesar 13,75 dBi. Sistem ini diuji melalui simulasi dan pengujian langsung di lapangan dengan pengukuran VSWR, RSSI, dan RSL. VSWR awal perancangan adalah 1,5 dan berhasil diturunkan menjadi 1,05 setelah penyempurnaan struktural. Hasil pengujian lapangan menunjukkan jangkauan maksimum sebesar 96,43 meter dengan daya pancar hanya 1 dBm, serta kestabilan sinyal yang lebih baik dibandingkan konfigurasi antena omnidireksional. Dibandingkan antena bawaan, sistem ini meningkatkan jangkauan hingga lima kali lipat dan tetap bekerja andal pada daya sangat rendah, meskipun kemampuan perangkat telemetri dapat memancarkan hingga 20 dBm. Penelitian ini menawarkan solusi untuk peningkatan performa telemetri UAV serta memiliki potensi aplikasi di jaringan LPWAN, pemantauan lingkungan terpencil, dan integrasi sistem IoT. Abstract This research discusses the design, development, and evaluation of a directional Yagi antenna system integrated with a GPS-based automatic tracker to enhance communication range in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSN) based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) at the 433 MHz frequency. The 8-element Yagi-Uda antenna was designed using the YagiCAD software and constructed from aluminum pipes with a diameter of 0.89 cm, yielding a gain of 13.75 dBi. The system was tested through simulation and direct field trials, involving measurements of Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), and Received Signal Level (RSL). The initial VSWR of 1.5 was successfully reduced to 1.05 after structural refinement. The test results showed a maximum range of 96.43 meters with a transmit power of only 1 dBm, along with better signal stability compared to the omnidirectional antenna configuration. Compared to the stock (built-in) antenna, this system increases the range up to fivefold and remains reliable even at very low power, however the telemetry device's capability to transmit up to 20 dBm. This research offers solution for improving UAV telemetry performance and has potential applications in Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN), remote environmental monitoring, and Internet of Things (IoT) system integration