Promosi kesehatan dengan skrining perfusi jaringan perifer pada lansia - Supriatna , Lalu Dedy; Nadrati, Bahjatun; Oktaviana , Elisa (Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah, 2026)
Background: Health screening for the elderly is crucial for early detection of chronic diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease) before symptoms become severe, preventing complications, monitoring medication effectiveness, assessing independence (physical and mental function), and providing healthy lifestyle counseling, thus maintaining quality of life, independence, and productivity in old age. Early detection can lead to earlier intervention, significantly increasing the chances of successful treatment. Purpose: To identify and assess peripheral tissue perfusion in the elderly. Method: This community service program was conducted in August 2025 at the Mandalika NTB Social Center for the Elderly (BSLU). Forty-five elderly residents of the BSLU Mandalika NTB participated. This activity identified the condition of the elderly through measurement and observation of the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI). The screening activities used equipment recommended in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and other instruments, including participant characteristic questionnaires, observation sheets, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and ABPI measurements. Results: Obtained data that the average age of participants was 72.89 years with SD = ± 11.15 years in the age range of 58-115 years. The majority of participants were female, namely 28 people (62.2%), had no history of hypertension, namely 32 people (71.1%), had normal cholesterol levels, namely 40 people (88.9%). The majority of participants also had a history of not smoking, namely 41 people (91.1%), had no history of diabetes, namely 39 people (86.7%) and most also had no history of other diseases, namely 26 people (57.8%). Most of the elderly at BSLU Mandalika NTB had non-pale skin color, namely 40 people (88.9%), had SPO2 values ​​≥ 96, namely 44 people (97.8%). Most participants had a CRT status of ≤2 seconds, namely 39 people (86.7%), with a peripheral pulse of 60-100 x per minute as many as 44 people (97.8%), non-pitting edema as many as 36 people (80.0%), warm acral as many as 40 people (88.9%), and most participants did not have claudication symptoms as many as 28 people (62.2%). Meanwhile, in the examination of the right ankle brachial pressure index, there were 4 people (8.9%) who were included in the category of having peripheral artery disease if assessed theoretically, while in the left ankle brachial pressure index there were 3 people (6.7%) participants who had peripheral artery disease. Conclusion: Peripheral tissue perfusion testing provides information about increased peripheral perfusion, indicating increased distal blood flow to support tissue function. Increased peripheral perfusion also increases peripheral pulse strength, decreases skin pallor, improves capillary function, and improves skin turgor. Suggestion: It is recommended that peripheral pulse examination, accompanied by the use of a vascular Doppler to measure the ankle-brachial pressure index, is essential to confirm the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in the elderly. Keywords: Elderly; Health screening; Promotional activities; Peripheral tissue perfusion Pendahuluan: Skrining kesehatan lansia sangat penting untuk deteksi dini penyakit kronis (seperti hipertensi, diabetes, jantung) sebelum gejalanya parah, mencegah komplikasi, memantau efektivitas obat, menilai kemandirian (fungsi fisik & mental), dan memberikan konseling gaya hidup sehat, sehingga menjaga kualitas hidup, kemandirian, dan produktivitas di usia senja. Dengan deteksi dini dapat mengarah pada intervensi lebih awal, yang secara signifikan meningkatkan peluang keberhasilan pengobatan. Tujuan: Melakukan identifikasi dan pemeriksan perfusi jaringan perifer pada lansia. Metode: Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2025 di Balai Sosial Lanjut Usia (BSLU) Mandalika NTB. Melibatkan 45 lansia yang tinggal di BSLU Mandalika NTB untuk menjadi partisipan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi suatu kondisi keadaan penyakit lansia melalui pengukuran dan observasi terhadap nilai ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI). Pelaksanaan kegiatan skrining menggunakan peralatan yang direkomendasikan dalam SOP dan juga menggunakan instrumen kelengkapan lainnya berupa kuesioner karakteristik partisipan, lembar observasi, standar operasional prosedur (SOP) dan pengukuran ABPI. Hasil: mendapatkan data bahwa rerata usia partisipan adalah 72.89 tahun dengan SD=±11.15 tahun dalam rentang usia 58-115 tahun. Mayoritas partisipan berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu 28 orang (62.2%), tidak memiliki riwayat hipertensi yaitu sebanyak 32 orang (71.1%), memiliki kadar kolesterol normal yaitu sebanyak 40 orang (88.9%). Mayoritas partisipan juga memiliki riwayat tidak merokok sebanyak 41 orang (91.1%), tidak memiliki riwayat diabetes yaitu 39 orang (86.7%) dan sebagian besar juga tidak memiliki riwayat penyakit lainnya sebanyak 26 orang (57.8%). Sebagian besar lansia di BSLU Mandalika NTB bewarna kulit tidak pucat yaitu 40 orang (88.9%), memiliki nilai SPO2≥96 yaitu sebanyak 44 orang (97.8%). Sebagian besar partisipan memiliki status CRT≤2 detik yaitu sebanyak 39 orang (86.7%), dengan nadi perifer 60-100 x per menit sebanyak 44 orang (97.8%), non pitting edema sebanyak 36 orang (80.0%), akral hangat sebanyak 40 orang (88.9%), dan sebagian besar partisipan tidak memiliki gejala klaudikasio sebanyak 28 orang (62.2%). Sedangkan pada pemeriksaan ankle brachial presur index kanan terdapat 4 orang (8.9%) yang termasuk katagori memiliki penyakit arteri perifer jika dinilai secara teori, sedangkan pada ankle brachial presur index kiri terdapat 3 orang (6.7%) partisipan yaitu penyakit arteri perifer. Simpulan: Pemeriksaan perfusi pada jaringan perifer memberikan informasi jika terdapat peningkatan perfusi perifer berarti menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aliran darah pembuluh distal dalam menunjang fungsi jaringan. Peningkatan perfusi perifer juga memberikan peningkatan kekuatan nadi perifer, menurunnya warna pucat pada kulit, kondisi kapiler membaik, serta memperbaiki kondisi tugor pada kulit. Saran: Diharapkan, pemeriksaan nadi perifer yang disertai dengan penggunaan dopler vascular untuk pemerikasaan ankle brachial pressure index sangat perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan diagnosa adanya penyakit arteri perifer pada lansia.