Determinan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi pada Lahan Suboptimaldi Sumatera Selatan (Determinants of Rice Farming Income on Suboptimal Landin South Sumatera) - Endang Lastinawati (Perum BULOG, 2025)
Padi merupakan komoditas pangan utama di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, sehingga peningkatanproduksinya menjadi prioritas melalui optimalisasi lahan suboptimal, seperti lahan pasang surut dan lebak. Upaya optimalisasi tersebut harus sejalan dengan peningkatan pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pendapatan, menentukan alternatif lahan yang sesuai, serta menganalisis determinan pendapatan usahatani padi di kedua tipe lahan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dengan penentuan sampel secara purposif bertingkat, melibatkan 120 petani dari empat desa di Kabupaten Banyuasin, masing-masing dua desa pada lahan pasang surut dan lebak. Analisis data menggunakan persamaan matematis pendapatan dan model regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan antara pendapatan petani padi di lahan pasang surut dan lebak. Namun, lahan pasang surut memiliki potensi lebih besar untuk dikembangkan sebagai basis utama produksi padi di Kabupaten Banyuasin dan wilayah Sumatera Selatan. Determinan pendapatan usahatani padi meliputi luas lahan, biaya produksi, produksi, dan harga gabah kering panen. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani, diperlukan program berbasis kelas hidrotopografi lahan, meliputi: rehabilitasi tata air, ameliorasi, penggunaan varietas unggul, perbaikan teknik budidaya, penataan waktu tanam, demplot padi surjan, bantuan mekanisasi, fasilitas kredit input, penyediaan infrastruktur logistik dan penyimpanan, penguatan koperasi pemasaran dan kelompok tani melalui pelatihan dan penyuluhan, serta inklusi petani muda. Rice is the main food commodity in South Sumatra Province; therefore, increasing its production has become a priority through optimizing suboptimal lands such as tidal and swamp (lebak) areas. This optimization effort must be aligned with improving farmers’ income. This study aimed to compare farmincomes, identify the most suitable land type for rice cultivation, and analyze the determinants of ricefarmers’ income in both land types. The research employed a survey method with a stratified purposivesampling technique with 120 farmers from four villages in Banyuasin Regency, consisted of two villages intidal areas and two in swamp areas. Data were analyzed using farm income equations and multiple linearregression models. The results showed no significant difference in rice farmers’ income between tidal andswamp areas. However, tidal land had greater potential to be developed as the primary base for riceproduction in Banyuasin Regency and the South Sumatra region. The main determinants of farm incomewere land area, production costs, yield, and grain price. To increase farmers’ income, programs based onland hydrotopographic classification are required, including water management rehabilitation, soilamelioration, use of superior varieties, improvement of cultivation techniques, crop scheduling, demonstration plots, mechanization assistance, input credit facilities, logistics and storage infrastructure,strengthening of marketing cooperatives and farmer groups, as well as youth farmer inclusion initiatives.