Analisis Faktor Risiko Lingkungan terhadap Kejadian ISPA di Wilayah Lahan Basah Pasca COVID-19: Analisis Multivariat di Palembang - Pratiningsih, Widya Ayu; Putri, Dini Arista; Trisnaini, Inoy; Miranda, Miranda; Firzatulloh, Muhammad Buana; Pratama, Raykhan Yoga; Safirah, Salwa; Widiastuti, Selfi; Syabella, Verga (Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 2026)
Latar belakang: Lahan basah merupakan wilayah berisiko tinggi terhadap Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) akibat kondisi lingkungan yang kurang memadai. Di masa pasca pandemi COVID-19, paparan polutan rumah tangga cenderung meningkat sementara kepatuhan terhadap perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) menurun. Kecamatan Kertapati, Palembang merupakan wilayah lahan basah padat penduduk dengan angka kasus ISPA masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara kondisi fisik rumah, riwayat COVID-19, dan perilaku hidup sehat terhadap kejadian ISPA serta mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang paling dominan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 100 keluarga yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square untuk mengidentifikasi variabel yang berhubungan dengan ISPA, dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor risiko dominan.Hasil: Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tujuh variabel berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA (p < 0,05), di antaranya jenis lantai, jenis dinding, riwayat COVID-19, status vaksinasi, pengelolaan sampah, keberadaan anggota keluarga perokok, dan aktivitas fisik. Pada analisis multivariat status vaksinasi COVID-19 (p = 0,003; OR = 11,981) sebagai faktor risiko paling dominan, kemudian pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga (p = 0,003; OR = 11,510), dan keberadaan anggota keluarga perokok (p = 0,036; OR = 3,906) juga secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko kejadian ISPA.Simpulan: Status vaksinasi COVID-19 merupakan faktor dominan terhadap ISPA di lahan basah pasca pandemi. Intervensi kesehatan lingkungan yang menekankan pada peningkatan cakupan vaksinasi, pengelolaan sampah yang aman, serta pengendalian perilaku merokok dalam rumah sangat krusial dalam menekan angka kejadian ISPA di masyarakat Kertapati. ABSTRACT Title: Environmental Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Post-COVID-19 Wetland Area: A Multivariate Analysis in PalembangBackground: Wetlands are high-risk areas for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) due to inadequate environmental conditions. In the post-COVID-19 era, exposure to household pollutants tends to increase, while adherence to Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS) has decllined. Kertapati District, Palembang—a densely populated wetland area— with high number of ARI cases. This study aims to analyze the association between housing conditions, history of COVID -19 infection, and health behaviors with ARI incidence and to identify the most dominant risk factor.Method: This analytical study employed a cross-sectional design involving 100 families selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and direct observations. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test was conducted to identify variables associated with ARI, followed by multivariate logistic regression to determine the dominant risk factors.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that seven variables were significantly associated with the prevalance of ARI (p < 0.05), including type of flooring, type of wall, history of COVID-19, vaccination status, waste management, presence of smoking family members, and physical activity. In the multivariate analysis, COVID-19 vaccination status (p = 0.003; OR = 11.981 was identifiedas the most dominant protective factor, followed by household waste management (p = 0.003; OR = 11.510) and the presence of smoking family members (p = 0.036; OR = 3.906), which were significantly associated with an increased riskof ARI.Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination status is the dominant factor influencing ARI prevalence in post-pandemic wetland areas. Environmental health interventions that focus on expanding vaccination coverage, promoting safe waste management, and controlling indoor smoking behaviors are essential for reducing ARI cases in the Kertapati community.