Edukasi perawatan kaki sebagai upaya pencegahan luka pada penderita diabetes melitus - Maryuni, Sri; Andora, Novika; Yudha, Fajar; Kurniasari, Septi; Oktavia, Santi (Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah, 2026)
Background: Management of diabetes mellitus requires not only pharmacological treatment but also family support. Foot care is one way to prevent neuropathy. Diabetic foot ulcers are a complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. These ulcers can occur due to poor glycemic control, neuropathy, and peripheral vascular disease, as well as inadequate foot wound care. To prevent ulcers and improve the quality of life for people with diabetes mellitus, the family plays a crucial role in diabetic foot care. Purpose: To provide education about foot care as an effort to prevent diabetic ulcers. Method: The activity was conducted at the Lampung branch of the Wound Care Clinic (LWC) with the goal of increasing knowledge about caring for family members with diabetic ulcers. Consecutive sampling was used to select 20 respondents with family members with diabetes mellitus. The education program was delivered through lectures (presentations), massage demonstrations, question-and-answer discussions, and hands-on practice, assisted by family caregivers of people with diabetes mellitus. Foot care behavior was measured using the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF) questionnaire. A questionnaire on diabetic wound care was administered before the educational activity as pre-test data and after the educational activity as post-test data. For evaluation, the data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design to determine differences in respondents' foot care behavior before and after the educational activity. Results: The data showed that the average age of respondents was 57.75 years, with a standard deviation of ±4.41 within the 50-70 age range. The majority of respondents were aged 50-60 years (10) (50.0%). The majority of respondents were female (12) (60.0%), the majority of respondents had a high school education (9) (45.0%), the majority of respondents were private employees (11) (55.0%), and the duration of diabetes mellitus (1-3 years) (17) (85.0%). There was an increase in respondents' knowledge scores from 20 points before the educational activity to 50 points after the educational activity, with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: Educational and mentoring activities were very effective in increasing knowledge about diabetic wound care and also improving diabetic wound prevention behaviors in families with diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic wounds; Foot care; Health education; Prevention behavior Pendahuluan: Penanganan diabetes melitus tidak hanya memerlukan pengobatan farmakologi, tetapi juga bantuan keluarga. Perawatan kaki merupakan salah satu cara mencegah neuropati. Luka kaki diabetik adalah komplikasi yang terjadi pada diabetes mellitus tidak dapat dikontrol. Luka ini dapat terjadi karena kurangnya kontrol glikemik, neuropatik, dan penyakit pembuluh darah tepi, serta kurangnya perawatan luka pada kaki Untuk mencegah luka dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita diabetes melitus, peran keluarga sangat penting dalam perawatan kaki diabetik. Tujuan: Memberikan edukasi tentang perawatan kaki sebagai upaya mencegah luka diabetik. Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Klinik Wound Care (LWC) cabang lampung dengan sasaran meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang perawatan keluarga yang mengalami luka diabetik. Dengan consecutive sampling mendapatkan sampel sebanyak 20 responden yang memiliki anggota keluarga menderita diabetes melitus. Pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan disampaikan melalui ceramah (presentasi), demo pemijatan, diskusi tanya-jawab dan praktik langsung dengan pendampingan oleh keluarga yang merawat penderita diabetes melitus. Pengukuran perilaku perawatan kaki memakai kuesioner nottingham assessment of fungtional footcare (NAFF). Kuesioner tentang perawatan luka diabetik diberikan sebelum kegiatan edukasi sebagai data pre-test dan setelah kegiatan edukasi sebagai data post-test. Sebagai evaluasi, data di analisa wilcoxon test dengan rancangan quasi experimental one group pre-test dan post-test untuk melihat perbedaan perilaku perawatan kaki responden sebelum dan setelah diberikan edukasi. Hasil: Mendapatkan data bahwa rata-rata usia responden adalah 57.75 tahun dan standar deviasi ±4.41 dalam rentang usia 50-70 tahun. Sebagian besar responden berusia 50-60 tahun sebanyak 10 (50.0%). Mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 12 (60.0%), sebagian besar pendidikan responden adalah SMA sebanyak 9 (45.0%), status pekerjaan responden adalah pegawai swasta sebanyak 11 (55.0%), dan lama menderita Diabetes Melitus 1-3 tahun sebanyak 17 (85.0%). Terjadi peningkatan skor tingkat pengetahuan responden dari sebelum kegiatan edukasi sebesar 20 poin menjadi 50 poin setelah kegiatan edukasi dengan mendapatkan nilai pValue=0.000. Simpulan: Kegiatan edukasi dan pendampingan sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang perawatan luka diabetik dan juga meningkatkan perilaku pencegahan luka diabetik pada keluarga yang menderita diabetes melitus.