Phytochemical Study and Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Rambutan Leaf (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Extract Against Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus: Studi Fitokimia Dan Penentuan Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Terhadap Salmonella thypi dan Bacillus cereus - Dewi Nabila; Mastuti Widianingsih (Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, 2026)
Infections caused by Salmonella typhi and Bacillus cereus represent a significant public health concern, exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance. Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) leaf extract contains bioactive compounds with potential antibacterial activity, however its efficacy against these pathogens remains underexplored. The objective of this research to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of rambutan leaves against S. typhi and B. cereus by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The research included plant identification, ethanol maceration extraction, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial assessment using the broth dilution method. The extract yielded 13.97%, and phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. The MIC of the extract was 25% for both bacteria, with S. typhi exhibiting higher sensitivity. The antibacterial mechanism is presumed to involve interactions of secondary metabolites with bacterial cell membranes and nucleic acid components. These findings highlight the potential of rambutan leaf extract as a promising antimicrobial agent for further development. ABSTRAK (Bahasa Indonesia) Infeksi akibat Salmonella typhi dan Bacillus cereus menjadi masalah kesehatan yang serius dengan meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik. Ekstrak daun rambutan mengandung senyawa bioaktif potensial antibakteri, namun efektivitasnya terhadap kedua bakteri tersebut belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun rambutan terhadap S. typhi dan B. cereus melalui penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM). Penelitian meliputi tahap identifikasi tanaman, ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol, screening fitokimia, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri melalui metode dilusi cair untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak terhadap S. typhi dan B. cereus. Ekstrak daun rambutan menghasilkan rendemen 13,97%. Analisis fitokimia menunjukkan keberadaan flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, dan senyawa fenolik. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan KHM ekstrak terhadap S. typhi dan B. cereus masing-masing 25%, dengan S. typhi lebih sensitif. Mekanisme antibakteri diduga terkait interaksi metabolit sekunder dengan membran sel dan komponen nukleat bakteri. Temuan ini menegaskan ekstrak daun rambutan berpeluang dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai bahan antimikroba.