The Dilemma of Digital Music Royalties: Between Public Creativity and Creators’ Rights - Nur A'limah Rahman; Abdul Qahar; Asriati Asriati (Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, 2025)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sinkronisasi pengaturan royalti atas praktik cover lagu dan pemutaran musik di ruang publik guna memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak ekonomi pencipta di tengah perkembangan monetisasi digital. Dinamika distribusi musik berbasis platform menghadirkan tantangan baru, khususnya terkait batas penggunaan komersial dan nonkomersial yang belum dirumuskan secara eksplisit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual guna menilai konsistensi norma serta relevansinya terhadap praktik aktual. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis terhadap norma kabur dan kekosongan norma parsial dalam klasifikasi penggunaan digital yang berimplikasi pada ketidakpastian hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sistem pengelolaan royalti telah diatur dan dilembagakan, implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan berupa ambiguitas parameter komersialisasi, rendahnya kesadaran hukum pengguna, serta kebutuhan peningkatan transparansi dalam distribusi royalti. Kesimpulannya, perlindungan hak ekonomi pencipta telah tersedia secara normatif, namun efektivitasnya dalam menjamin kepastian hukum masih memerlukan penguatan pada aspek implementatif. Rekomendasinya, diperlukan penegasan parameter monetisasi digital, harmonisasi pengaturan klasifikasi penggunaan komersial, serta penguatan transparansi dan akuntabilitas sistem pengelolaan royalti guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum yang lebih adaptif dan berkeadilan di era digital. Abstract This study aims to examine the synchronization of royalty regulations on song cover practices and music playback in public spaces in order to protect the economic rights of creators amid the development of digital monetization. The dynamics of platform-based music distribution present new challenges, particularly regarding the boundaries between commercial and non-commercial use, which have not been explicitly defined. This study uses a normative legal method with a legislative and conceptual approach to assess the consistency of norms and their relevance to actual practices. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of vague norms and partial normative gaps in the classification of digital use, which have implications for legal uncertainty. The results show that although the royalty management system has been regulated and institutionalized, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of ambiguity in commercialization parameters, low legal awareness among users, and the need for increased transparency in royalty distribution. In conclusion, the protection of creators' economic rights is available normatively, but its effectiveness in ensuring legal certainty still needs to be strengthened in terms of implementation. The recommendation is that it is necessary to clarify the parameters of digital monetization, harmonize regulations on the classification of commercial use, and strengthen the transparency and accountability of the royalty management system in order to achieve greater legal certainty that is more adaptive and equitable in the digital era.