Phytochemical profile of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) based eco enzyme and antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus Acidophilus ATCC 4356: Study experimental - Sari, Morita; Imani, Cavita Nur; Wardani, Astrid Pramudya (Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran, 2026)
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dental caries is one of the dental and oral diseases with a high incidence in Indonesia. This disease occurs due to damage to hard tooth tissue triggered by the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity, one of which is Lactobacillus acidophilus. Various caries prevention efforts have been developed, but most still rely on chemical agents that have the potential to cause side effects if used in the long term. Eco enzyme made from pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) has the potential as a natural antibacterial agent because it contains various bioactive compounds. This study aims to evaluate the ability of pineapple peel eco enzyme to inhibit and kill Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Methods: This study is an in vitro laboratory experiment. The positive control group includes chlorhexidine, while the negative control group contains distilled water; the treatment group includes pineapple peel eco enzyme at doses of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, and 0.78%. The tests to be carried out include phytochemical tests and antibacterial tests to determine the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Data analysis used Kruskal-Wallis. Results: Pineapple peel eco enzyme is proven to contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, anthraquinones, glucose, and terpenoids which act as antibacterials. The ZOI test showed the largest inhibition zone diameter at a concentration of 100% of 15.51 mm with a strong category. The MIC value was obtained at a concentration of 3.12%, while the MBC was found at a concentration of 6.25%. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test obtained that Sig 0.437 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Pineapple peel eco enzyme (Ananas comosus) has antibacterial activity in inhibiting and killing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, so it has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial agent for caries prevention. KEY WORDS: Eco_enzyme, Pineapple_peel, Antibacterial, Lactobacillus_acidophilus, PhytochemicalProfil fitokimia eco enzyme berbahan dasar kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) dan daya antibakteri terhadap Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356: Studi eksperimentalABSTRAK Pendahuluan: : Karies gigi merupakan salah satu penyakit gigi dan mulut yang memiliki angka kejadian tinggi di Indonesia. Penyakit ini terjadi akibat kerusakan jaringan keras gigi yang dipicu oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme dalam rongga mulut, salah satunya Lactobacillus acidophilus. Berbagai upaya pencegahan karies telah dikembangkan, namun sebagian besar masih bergantung pada agen kimia yang berpotensi menimbulkan efek samping apabila digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Eco enzyme berbahan dasar kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri alami karena mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan eco enzyme kulit nanas (EE-KN) dalam menghambat dan membunuh Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen laboratorium in vitro. Kelompok kontrol positif meliputi klorheksidin, sedangkan kelompok kontrol negatif berisi air suling; kelompok perlakuan meliputi eco enzyme kulit nanas pada dosis 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, 3,12%, dan 0,78%. Uji yang akan dilakukan meliputi uji fitokimia serta uji antibakteri untuk menentukan Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Analisis data menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil: Eco enzyme kulit nanas terbukti mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, alkaloid, steroid, antrakuinon, glukosa, dan terpenoid yang berperan sebagai antibakteri. Uji ZOI menunjukkan diameter zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 100% sebesar 15,51 mm dengan kategori kuat. Nilai MIC diperoleh pada konsentrasi 3,12%, sedangkan MBC ditemukan pada konsentrasi 6,25%. Hasil uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis didapatkan Sig 0,437 (p > 0,05). Simpulan: Eco enzyme kulit nanas (EE-KN) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat dan membunuh Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami untuk pencegahan karies.KATA KUNCI: Eco_enzyme, Kulit_nanas, Antibakteri, Lactobacillus_acidophilus, Fitokimia