Perancangan Rumah Sakit Khusus Ginjal di Medan: Pendekatan Desain Pasif dan Aktif untuk Optimalisasi Kinerja Lingkungan dan Kualitas Penyembuhan - Andy Febrianto Gea; Meyga Fitri Handayani Nasution (Lembaga Riset Ilmiah, 2026)
Peningkatan prevalensi penyakit ginjal kronis di Indonesia, khususnya di Kota Medan, menuntut penyediaan fasilitas kesehatan yang tidak hanya memadai secara kapasitas, tetapi juga responsif terhadap kondisi lingkungan. Desain rumah sakit yang masih generik dan kurang adaptif terhadap iklim tropis lembap menyebabkan tingginya konsumsi energi serta kualitas ruang yang belum optimal bagi proses penyembuhan. Kesenjangan penelitian terletak pada belum terintegrasinya pendekatan arsitektur responsif iklim dengan kebutuhan spesifik rumah sakit ginjal yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan konsep perancangan rumah sakit ginjal berbasis arsitektur responsif iklim melalui integrasi strategi pasif dan aktif, dengan target penurunan beban energi sebesar 20–30 persen melalui optimasi orientasi, ventilasi alami, dan elemen peneduh. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan design-based research, meliputi studi literatur, preseden, analisis tapak, dan sintesis desain. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa strategi pasif efektif menurunkan beban panas dan meningkatkan kenyamanan termal, sementara strategi aktif seperti HVAC dan energi terbarukan mendukung standar medis. Integrasi keduanya meningkatkan efisiensi energi, kualitas udara dalam ruang, serta mendukung terciptanya healing environment. Pendekatan bioklimatik kontekstual terbukti berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas desain rumah sakit secara berkelanjutan. The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Indonesia, particularly in urban areas such as Medan, highlights the urgent need for healthcare facilities that are not only adequate in capacity but also environmentally responsive. Existing hospital designs remain largely generic and insufficiently adapted to humid tropical climates, resulting in high energy consumption and suboptimal spatial quality for healing. The research gap lies in the lack of integration between climate-responsive architectural approaches and the specific operational and environmental requirements of kidney hospitals. This study aims to formulate a climate-responsive architectural design concept for a kidney hospital through the integration of passive and active strategies, targeting a 20–30 percent reduction in building energy load by optimizing orientation, natural ventilation, and shading elements. The method employed is qualitative-descriptive with a design-based research approach, including literature review, precedent studies, site analysis, and design synthesis. The findings indicate that passive strategies effectively reduce heat gain and improve thermal comfort, while active systems such as HVAC and renewable energy support medical standards. Their integration enhances energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and contributes to the creation of a healing environment. A contextually grounded bioclimatic approach demonstrates significant potential to improve hospital design quality sustainably.