REKONSTRUKSI PENEMUAN HUKUM OLEH HAKIM PADA WASIAT WAJIBAH BAGI ISTRI BERBEDA AGAMA: STUDI ANALISIS PUTUSAN MA NOMOR 16 K/AG/2010 - Fathurrahman Alfaraqy; Muhammad Hadli Al Furqon; Nurul Firdaus (Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar, 2026)
Abstrak Perbedaan agama merupakan salah satu penghalang kewarisan dalam hukum waris Islam. Dalam praktik peradilan, ketentuan tersebut dapat menimbulkan persoalan keadilan, khususnya ketika pasangan non-Muslim memiliki hubungan perkawinan yang lama dan kontribusi nyata dalam pembentukan harta bersama. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan wasiat wajibah kepada istri yang berbeda agama dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 16 K/AG/2010 serta menilai putusan tersebut ditinjau dari perspektif penemuan hukum, keadilan substantif, dan maqashid syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian wasiat wajibah dalam putusan tersebut merupakan bentuk penemuan hukum melalui metode interpretasi teleologis terhadap ketentuan wasiat wajibah untuk mengisi kekosongan norma mengenai kedudukan istri non-Muslim. Dari perspektif keadilan substantif dan maqashid syariah, pertimbangan hakim mencerminkan upaya menjaga kemaslahatan dan mencegah ketidakadilan tanpa mengabaikan prinsip penghalang kewarisan karena perbedaan agama. Putusan ini menunjukkan bahwa wasiat wajibah dapat berfungsi sebagai instrumen korektif dalam sistem kewarisan Islam guna menjembatani kepastian hukum dan keadilan dalam perkara konkret. Kata Kunci: Wasiat Wajibah; Waris Beda Agama; Penemuan Hukum. Abstract Religious difference constitutes one of the impediments to inheritance in Islamic inheritance law. In judicial practice, this rule may raise issues of justice, particularly when a non-Muslim spouse has maintained a long marital relationship and made a significant contribution to the accumulation of marital property. The main question addressed in this article is how judges justify the granting of a mandatory bequest to a wife of a different religion and whether such reasoning can be justified from the perspectives of judicial law-finding, substantive justice, and maqashid syariah. This article positions itself within the debate on the role of judicial law-finding in resolving normative gaps in Islamic family law, particularly concerning the legal status of non-Muslim spouses in inheritance-related matters. The question is examined through normative legal research employing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, with qualitative analysis conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on Supreme Court Decision Number 16 K/AG/2010. The study finds that the granting of a mandatory bequest in the decision represents a form of judicial law-finding through teleological interpretation to address a normative gap regarding the position of a non-Muslim wife. From the perspectives of substantive justice and maqashid syariah, the judges’ reasoning reflects an effort to preserve public welfare and prevent injustice baikwithout disregarding the principle that religious difference constitutes an impediment to inheritance. The decision demonstrates that the mandatory bequest can function as a corrective instrument within the Islamic inheritance system to reconcile legal certainty and justice in concrete cases. Keywords: Mandatory Bequest, Interreligious Inheritance, Judicial Law-Finding, Maqashid Syariah.