Pengaruh pelvic floor muscle exercise dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada wanita usia produktif dengan inkontinensia urin: A systematic literature review - Iskandar, Intan Ramadhina Safira; Suparmi, Pipin (Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati, 2026)
Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common health problem among women and significantly impacts quality of life (QoL), which includes physical, psychological, and social aspects. One non-pharmacological intervention recommended as first-line therapy is pelvic floor muscle training (PFME), but research findings regarding its role in QoL are scattered and variable. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) on improving QoL in women of reproductive age with urinary incontinence (UI). Method: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted based on the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, with a search period of 2020–2025. Included studies included randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses involving reproductive-age women with urinary incontinence, PFME interventions, and exercises (with or without supervision, including combinations), and quality-of-life outcomes measured using instruments such as the ICIQ-SF, IIQ-7, and SF-36. Non-interventional studies, populations consisting only of postmenopausal women, and studies without quality-of-life measures were excluded. Results: A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 3 RCTs and 4 systematic reviews/meta-analyses. The results showed that both PFMT and PFME significantly improved quality of life with a medium to large effect size (p<0.05), especially in women with postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Supervised exercise was more effective than unsupervised exercise. Conclusion: PFME is an effective and safe intervention with the potential to be developed as a community-based promotive and preventive approach to improve the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence. Suggestion: Nurse practitioners, midwives, and physicians in community health centers/hospitals are advised to implement supervised Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises (PFMT) at least three sessions per week for 6–12 weeks (with contraction durations of 5–10 seconds, 8–12 repetitions per set), combined with education on correct contractions and biofeedback, if available. and initial screening using the ICIQ-SF in multiparous or postpartum women for early detection. Keywords: Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise (PFME); Quality of Life; Urinary Incontinence; Women of Reproductive Age. Pendahuluan: Inkontinensia urin (IU) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak dialami oleh wanita dan berdampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup (quality of life/QoL), mencakup aspek fisik, psikologis, dan sosial. Salah satu intervensi non-farmakologis yang direkomendasikan sebagai terapi lini pertama adalah pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME), namun temuan penelitian terkait perannya terhadap kualitas hidup masih tersebar dan bervariasi. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) terhadap peningkatan QoL pada wanita usia produktif dengan inkontinensia urin (IU). Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui systematic literature review (SLR) berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020, pada basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar dengan periode pencarian dari 2020 - 2025. Studi yang diinklusi mencakup randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, dan meta-analyses yang melibatkan wanita usia produktif dengan inkontinensia urin, intervensi PFME, dan exercise (dengan atau tanpa supervisi, termasuk kombinasi), serta outcome kualitas hidup yang diukur menggunakan instrumen, seperti ICIQ-SF, IIQ-7, dan SF-36. Studi non-intervensi, populasi postmenopause murni, serta penelitian tanpa pengukuran kualitas hidup sebagai studi yang dieklusi. Hasil: Sebanyak 7 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri dari 3 artikel RCT dan 4 artikel systematic review/meta-analysis. Hasil menunjukkan, bahwa PFMT maupun PFME secara signifikan meningkatkan QoL dengan effect size sedang hingga besar (p<0,05), terutama pada wanita dengan stress urinary incontinence (SUI) postpartum, serta menunjukkan bahwa latihan dengan supervisi lebih efektif dibandingkan latihan tanpa supervisi. Simpulan: PFME merupakan intervensi yang efektif, aman, dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pendekatan promotif dan preventif berbasis komunitas untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup wanita dengan inkontinensia urin. Saran: Praktisi keperawatan, bidan, dan dokter di puskesmas/RS disarankan menerapkan PFMT supervised minimal 3 sesi per minggu selama 6–12 minggu (dengan durasi kontraksi 5–10 detik, 8–12 repetisi per set), dikombinasikan edukasi kontraksi benar dan biofeedback jika tersedia; skrining awal menggunakan ICIQ-SF pada wanita multipara atau postpartum untuk deteksi dini. Kata Kunci: Inkontinensia Urin; Kualitas Hidup; Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercis (PFME); Wanita Usia Produktif.