Self-Efficacy dan Self-Management Pada Pasien Diabetes Tipe 2 : Tinjauan Literatur - Noor Asiah; Gipta Galih (Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai, 2026)
Abstrak Latar Belakang: Self-efficacy dan self-management adalah determinan kunci dalam pengelolaan Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 (T2DM). Tujuan: Mengkaji bukti empiris dari sepuluh studi (2019–2025) mengenai peran self-efficacy dan intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-management pada pasien T2DM. Metode: Literature review naratif terhadap randomized controlled trials, studi cross-sectional, protokol RCT, dan evaluasi ekonomi yang relevan. Hasil: Semua studi menunjukkan hubungan positif antara self-efficacy dan perilaku self-management; intervensi edukasi terstruktur, intervensi psikologis, dan teknologi kesehatan digital umumnya meningkatkan self-efficacy dan hasil psikososial. Dampak pada outcome fisiologis (HbA1c) tidak konsisten antar studi. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan self-efficacy merupakan strategi penting untuk memperkuat self-management pada T2DM. Intervensi multimodal berbasis bukti direkomendasikan. Kata kunci: self-efficacy, self-management, diabetes tipe 2, quality of life, digital health. Abstract Background: Self-efficacy and self-management are key determinants in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: To review empirical evidence from ten studies (2019–2025) on the role of self-efficacy and interventions to improve self-management in patients with T2DM. Methods: A narrative literature review of randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, RCT protocols, and relevant economic evaluations was conducted. Results: All studies demonstrated a positive association between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors; structured educational interventions, psychological interventions, and digital health technologies generally improved self-efficacy and psychosocial outcomes. The impact on physiological outcomes (HbA1c) was inconsistent across studies. Conclusion: Enhancing self-efficacy is an important strategy to strengthen self-management in T2DM. Evidence-based multimodal interventions are recommended. Keywords: self-efficacy, self-management, type 2 diabetes, quality of life, digital health.