Effects of Tidal Dynamics on the Variation of Physicochemical Parameters in Bitung Port Waters - Suputri, Putu Ayu; Rumampuk, Natalie Detty C.; Sumilat, Deiske A.; Pelle, Wilmy E.; Gerung, Grevo S.; Darmawan, Putu Deny; Niode, Burhan (Sam Ratulangi University, 2026)
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tidal dynamics on the spatial and temporal variability of physicochemical parameters in Bitung Port waters. Sampling was conducted at three representative sites under high and low tide conditions. Parameters including temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, DO, TDS, and conductivity were measured in situ, while TSS and heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni) were analysed in the laboratory. Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Linear Mixed Model (LMM) were applied. Results showed that DO and pH were significantly higher during high tide, while turbidity, TDS, salinity, and conductivity were significantly higher during low tide. Spatial variability was low during high tide but increased significantly during low tide, indicating stronger local influence. The integration of interquartile range (IQR) analysis revealed higher variability of dissolved and suspended parameters during low tide, while DO exhibits higher variability during high tide due to intensified mixing processes. These findings highlight that tidal dynamics act as a key regulator of water quality distribution in semi-enclosed port systems. Incorporating tidal phase into monitoring strategies is essential for effective environmental management and supports the implementation of sustainable green port practices. Keywords: tidal dynamics, seawater quality, Bitung Port, physicochemical parameters, LMM Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana dinamika pasang surut memengaruhi variasi parameter fisika-kimia air laut, baik secara ruang maupun waktu, di perairan Pelabuhan Bitung. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di tiga lokasi yang dianggap mewakili kondisi perairan, dengan mempertimbangkan fase pasang dan surut. Parameter yang diukur langsung di lapangan meliputi suhu, pH, salinitas, kekeruhan, DO, TDS, serta konduktivitas. Sementara itu, parameter seperti TSS dan kandungan logam berat (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, dan Ni) dianalisis di laboratorium. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji Kruskal-Wallis, dan Linear Mixed Model (LMM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai DO dan pH secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada saat pasang. Sebaliknya, kekeruhan, TDS, salinitas, dan konduktivitas cenderung meningkat pada saat surut. Dari sisi spasial, variasi parameter relatif kecil ketika pasang, namun meningkat saat surut, yang mengindikasikan kuatnya pengaruh faktor lokal. Analisis Interquartile Range (IQR) juga memperlihatkan bahwa parameter terlarut dan tersuspensi lebih bervariasi saat surut, sedangkan DO menunjukkan variasi lebih besar saat pasang akibat proses pencampuran yang lebih intens. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa dinamika pasang surut berperan penting dalam mengatur distribusi kualitas air di perairan pelabuhan semi-tertutup. Oleh karena itu, fase pasang surut perlu dipertimbangkan dalam kegiatan pemantauan lingkungan guna mendukung pengelolaan pelabuhan yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: pasang surut, kualitas air laut, pelabuhan Bitung, parameter fisika-kimia, LMM