LITERATUR RIVIEW : PERAWATAN ESENSIAL BAYI BARU LAHIR - Salsabila Azizatul Alifia Salsa (Akademi Kebidanan Mulia Madani Yogyakarta, 2026)
INTISARI Latar belakang: Masa neonatus merupakan periode paling rentan dalam kehidupan bayi karena tingginya risiko kematian akibat hipotermia, infeksi, asfiksia, dan gangguan adaptasi fisiologis. Perawatan neonatus esensial menjadi intervensi penting untuk menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal melalui tindakan segera setelah lahir seperti inisiasi menyusu dini, penghangatan bayi, dan perawatan tali pusat Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perawatan neonatus esensial berdasarkan hasil kajian literature review dari jurnal nasional dan internasional. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari jurnal nasional dan internasional yang relevan dan dianalisis secara naratif berdasarkan komponen utama perawatan neonatus esensial, yaitu inisiasi menyusu dini, termoregulasi, perawatan tali pusat, dan pencegahan infeksi. Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan perawatan neonatus esensial secara lengkap dan konsisten dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup bayi baru lahir serta menurunkan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal. Inisiasi menyusu dini terbukti meningkatkan stabilitas fisiologis bayi dan memperkuat ikatan ibu-bayi. Pengaturan suhu tubuh melalui skin to skin contact efektif mencegah hipotermia, sedangkan perawatan tali pusat dengan metode kering dapat menurunkan risiko infeksi neonatus. Keberhasilan implementasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan ibu dan kompetensi tenaga kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Perawatan neonatus esensial merupakan intervensi berbasis bukti yang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan keselamatan bayi baru lahir sejak awal kehidupan. Kata Kunci: Perawatan neonatus esensial; bayi baru lahir; inisiasi menyusu dini; perawatan tali pusat; mortalitas neonatal. ABSTRACT Background: The neonatal period is the most vulnerable stage of life due to the high risk of mortality caused by hypothermia, infection, asphyxia, and physiological adaptation disorders. Essential Newborn Care (ENC) is a critical intervention aimed at reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality through immediate postnatal actions such as early initiation of breastfeeding, thermal protection, and umbilical cord care Objective: This study aims to describe Essential Newborn Care based on a literature review of national and international journals. Methods: This study used a descriptive literature review approach. Data were obtained from relevant national and international peer-reviewed journals. The articles were analyzed narratively based on key ENC components, including early breastfeeding initiation, thermoregulation, cord care, and infection prevention. Results: The findings indicate that complete and consistent implementation of ENC significantly improves neonatal survival and reduces morbidity and mortality rates. Early breastfeeding initiation enhances physiological stability and mother–infant bonding. Thermal care through skin-to-skin contact effectively prevents hypothermia, while dry cord care reduces the risk of neonatal infection. Successful implementation is strongly influenced by maternal knowledge and healthcare providers’ competence. Conclusion: Essential Newborn Care is an evidence-based intervention that is crucial for improving newborn health and survival from the first minutes of life. Keywords: Essential newborn care; newborn; early initiation of breastfeeding; cord care; neonatal mortality.