UPAYA PERALIHAN HAK MILIK ATAS TANAH MELALUI PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI BAWAH TANGAN - Livia Sikmon Putra; Defril Hidayat; Ibrahim Aziz (Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Penelitian Indonesia, 2026)
The transfer of land ownership rights through sale and purchase transactions must be carried out in accordance with land law regulations to ensure legal certainty for the parties involved. However, in practice, land sale and purchase transactions conducted under private agreements without the involvement of a Land Deed Official (PPAT) are still commonly found, including in Air Hangat Timur District. This study aims to analyze the implementation of land ownership transfers through private sale and purchase agreements and to identify efforts that can be undertaken to achieve legal certainty in such transfers. This research employed a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through library research and document studies and were subsequently analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that private land sale and purchase agreements remain prevalent because they are considered simpler, faster, and less costly than formal procedures involving a PPAT. Although such agreements are legally valid as long as they fulfill the requirements of a valid contract, they cannot serve as a direct basis for registering the transfer of land rights. Therefore, to obtain legal certainty, the parties must execute a deed of sale and purchase before a PPAT, which can then be used as the basis for registering the transfer of land rights in accordance with Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. Accordingly, the registration of land rights transfers serves as an essential instrument in ensuring legal certainty and legal protection for land rights holders. ABSTRAK Peralihan hak milik atas tanah melalui jual beli pada dasarnya harus dilakukan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum pertanahan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum bagi para pihak. Namun, dalam praktiknya masih ditemukan transaksi jual beli tanah yang dilakukan melalui perjanjian di bawah tangan tanpa melibatkan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT), termasuk di Kecamatan Air Hangat Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan peralihan hak milik atas tanah melalui perjanjian jual beli di bawah tangan serta upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kepastian hukum dalam proses peralihan hak tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan sifat deskriptif analitis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumen yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli tanah di bawah tangan masih dilakukan karena dianggap lebih mudah, cepat, dan murah dibandingkan dengan prosedur formal melalui PPAT. Perjanjian jual beli di bawah tangan tetap sah sepanjang memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian, namun belum dapat dijadikan dasar langsung untuk pendaftaran peralihan hak atas tanah. Untuk memperoleh kepastian hukum, para pihak perlu membuat akta jual beli di hadapan PPAT sebagai dasar pendaftaran peralihan hak sesuai ketentuan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah. Dengan demikian, pendaftaran peralihan hak atas tanah menjadi instrumen penting dalam mewujudkan kepastian dan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang hak atas tanah.