Campus Emergency Network Reliability Using LEO Satellite Backup Link: Evaluasi Keandalan Jaringan Darurat Kampus menggunakan Satelit LEO sebagai Tautan Cadangan - Michael Kader; Sumenge Tangkawarouw Godion Kaunang (Universitas Sam Ratulangi, 2026)
Abstract — This paper evaluates Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite connectivity as an emergency backup to keep campus inter-site services available when fiber links fail. Using the UNSRAT-UB link as a case study, baseline fiber performance is compared with failover conditions that route traffic over LEO, including self-managed tunneling (SSTP and L2TP) and a provider-managed service. QoS was measured with ICMP ping for 3600 s at 1 Hz to obtain RTT, jitter, and packet loss, and throughput was measured with iPerf3 for 1800 s in bidirectional multi-stream mode. Robust statistics (p50/p90/p99 and median+IQR) plus CDF/boxplot visualizations were used to capture distribution shifts and tail behavior. Fiber shows stable service (RTT p50 31-35 ms, loss <1%, throughput p50 84-94 Mbps). Under failover, LEO preserves connectivity but increases latency and variability. In the self-managed case, SSTP exhibits extreme tail latency and potential throughput collapse, while L2TP yields more usable tail latency (RTT p99 median 192-209 ms) with much higher downlink throughput. Provider-managed LEO offers moderate latency but limited throughput (about 6-7 Mbps). Key words— campus network; emergency network; failover; IQR; LEO satellite; p99; QoS; throughput. Abstrak — Penelitian ini mengevaluasi satelit Low Earth Orbit (LEO) sebagai jalur cadangan/darurat untuk meningkatkan ketahanan jaringan kampus saat jalur terestrial mengalami gangguan. Studi kasus dilakukan pada interkoneksi antar-site Universitas Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT) dan Universitas Brawijaya (UB) dengan membandingkan performa baseline fiber optik (FO) terhadap kondisi failover ketika trafik dipaksa melewati LEO. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan ICMP ping (3600 detik, 1 Hz) untuk memperoleh RTT, jitter, dan packet loss, serta iPerf3 (1800 detik) mode bidirectional multi-stream untuk mengukur throughput uplink/downlink. Analisis menggunakan statistik robust: kuantil p50/p90/p99 untuk metrik QoS dan p50+IQR untuk throughput, disertai visualisasi CDF dan boxplot untuk menangkap pergeseran distribusi dan perilaku ekor (tail). Hasil menunjukkan FO memberikan baseline stabil (RTT p50 ≈ 31–35 ms; loss < 1%; throughput p50 ≈ 84–94 Mbps). Pada kondisi failover, LEO mampu mempertahankan konektivitas namun latensi dan variabilitas meningkat. Pada skenario self-managed (S-2), SSTP menimbulkan tail latency yang sangat ekstrem dan throughput dapat turun sangat rendah pada beberapa sesi, sedangkan L2TP menghasilkan tail yang lebih “usable” (RTT p99 median ≈ 192–209 ms) dengan throughput downlink jauh lebih tinggi. Pada skenario provider-managed (S-3), latensi LEO moderat namun throughput terbatas sekitar 6–7 Mbps. Kata kunci —failover; IQR; jaringan darurat; jaringan kampus; p99; QoS; satelit LEO; throughput.