STUDI KASUS KETERLAMBATAN BONGKAR MUAT DI PELABUHAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP LOGISTIK DI PT. KRAKATAU BANDAR SAMUDRA BANTEN - Arief Hidayat Tumanggor; Asnawi; Djibril Tri Bayu Pamungkas; Budi Purnomo; Ahmad Shulhany; Yudha Prawira; Eka Sutrisno (Politeknik Pelayaran Banten, 2026)
Kegiatan bongkar muat di pelabuhan merupakan salah satu mata rantai krusial dalam sistem logistik nasional. Efisiensi proses ini sangat menentukan kelancaran arus barang, efektivitas biaya operasional, serta keandalan rantai pasok industri. Namun, keterlambatan bongkar muat masih sering terjadi dan berpotensi meningkatkan biaya logistik, mengganggu operasional industri, hingga menurunkan daya saing perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab keterlambatan bongkar muat serta dampaknya terhadap sistem logistik di PT Krakatau Bandar Samudra (KBS) Banten. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus, didukung oleh data primer yang diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner terhadap 75 responden. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS melalui uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, korelasi Pearson, serta regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor teknis, sumber daya manusia (SDM), administratif, dan cuaca berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterlambatan bongkar muat. Faktor teknis menjadi variabel paling dominan (Beta=0,402; Sig=0,000), diikuti oleh faktor SDM, administratif, dan cuaca. Secara simultan, seluruh variabel memberikan pengaruh signifikan (Sig=0,000) dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R^2) sebesar 0,490. Keterlambatan bongkar muat terbukti berdampak langsung terhadap logistik, yaitu menyebabkan kongesti pelabuhan, peningkatan biaya demurrage dan storage, serta terganggunya jadwal distribusi industri. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan peningkatan keandalan peralatan melalui preventive maintenance, penguatan kompetensi SDM, digitalisasi administrasi pelayanan kapal, serta penguatan sistem mitigasi cuaca guna meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan kinerja rantai pasok di PT Krakatau Bandar Samudra Banten. Loading and unloading activities at ports are a critical link in the national logistics system. The efficiency of these processes significantly determines the flow of goods, operational cost-effectiveness, and industrial supply chain reliability. However, loading and unloading delays still occur, potentially increasing logistics costs, disrupting industrial operations, and reducing company competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the factors causing these delays and their impact on the logistics system at PT Krakatau Bandar Samudra (KBS), Banten. A descriptive approach with a case study method was employed, supported by primary data gathered through observation, interviews, and questionnaires from 75 respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS through validity, reliability, normality, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression tests. The results indicate that technical factors, human resources (HR), administrative, and weather factors significantly affect loading and unloading delays. Technical factors are the most dominant (Beta=0.402; Sig=0.000), followed by HR, administrative, and weather factors. Simultaneously, all factors have a significant effect (Sig=0.000) with an R^2 value of 0.490. These delays are proven to have a direct negative impact on logistics, causing port congestion, increased demurrage and storage costs, and disruptions to industrial distribution schedules. This study recommends improving equipment reliability through preventive maintenance, strengthening HR competencies, digitalizing vessel service administration, and enhancing weather mitigation systems to improve operational efficiency and supply chain performance at PT Krakatau Bandar Samudra Banten.