Analisis Pencemaran Perairan Menggunakan Metode Indeks Pencemaran di Pantai Kenjeran, Surabaya, Jawa Timur: Analysis of Water Pollution Using the Pollution Index Method at Kenjeran Beach, Surabaya, East Java - Muren, Gabby Gataria; Musa, Muhammad; Diffi, Pratama (Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, 2025)
Pantai Kenjeran terletak di Kelurahan Kenjeran, Kecamatan Bulak, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur, terdiri atas Pantai Kenjeran Baru dan Lama. Padatnya pemukiman serta tingginya kunjungan wisatawan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas perairan yang berdampak pada ekosistem laut dan masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas air Pantai Kenjeran berdasarkan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 tentang baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran primer dan sekunder pada empat stasiun: sandaran perahu, pemukiman, kawasan mangrove, dan muara sungai, masing-masing dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Penentuan stasiun menggunakan purposive sampling berdasarkan aktivitas manusia dan potensi sumber pencemaran. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Maret–April 2025. Analisis kualitas air menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Parameter in-situ meliputi suhu, pH, kecerahan, salinitas, dan DO, sedangkan parameter ex-situ meliputi TSS, amonia, nitrat, fosfat, dan BOD. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan parameter yang memenuhi baku mutu yaitu suhu, kecerahan, pH, DO, BOD, dan amonia. Parameter yang melebihi baku mutu yaitu nitrat, fosfat, dan TSS. Suhu berkisar 30,6–31,9 °C; TSS 62–168 mg/L; kecerahan 19,1–26,7 cm; salinitas 18,13–31,67 ppt; pH 7,8–8,3; BOD 3,2–4,4 mg/L; DO 6,1–7,6 mg/L; amonia 0,024–0,038 mg/L; fosfat 0,179–0,252 mg/L; nitrat 0,206–0,292 mg/L. Berdasarkan perhitungan Indeks Pencemaran, Pantai Kenjeran tergolong tercemar ringan hingga sedang. Kenjeran Beach, located in Kenjeran Village, Bulak District, Surabaya City, East Java, consists of New Kenjeran Beach and Old Kenjeran Beach. Dense settlements and the high number of tourist visits have led to a decline in water quality, affecting both the marine ecosystem and coastal communities. This study aimed to analyze the water quality of Kenjeran Beach based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 concerning seawater quality standards for marine biota. The research employed a descriptive approach with quantitative descriptive analysis. Data were collected through primary and secondary measurements at four stations: boat mooring, residential area, mangrove area, and river estuary, each with three replications. Sampling stations were determined using purposive sampling based on human activities and potential pollution sources. Data collection was conducted from March to April 2025. Water quality was analyzed using the Pollution Index (IP) method. In-situ parameters included temperature, pH, transparency, salinity, and DO, while ex-situ parameters included TSS, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and BOD. The results showed that parameters meeting quality standards were temperature, transparency, pH, DO, BOD, and ammonia, while nitrate, phosphate, and TSS exceeded the standards. Temperature ranged from 30.6–31.9 °C; TSS 62–168 mg/L; transparency 19.1–26.7 cm; salinity 18.13–31.67 ppt; pH 7.8–8.3; BOD 3.2–4.4 mg/L; DO 6.1–7.6 mg/L; ammonia 0.024–0.038 mg/L; phosphate 0.179–0.252 mg/L; and nitrate 0.206–0.292 mg/L. Based on the Pollution Index, Kenjeran Beach was classified as lightly to moderately polluted.