Analisis Risiko dalam Sistem Cold Chain Menggunakan Pendekatan SWOT dan FMEA: Studi Kasus PT. XYZ - Wandi Waluya; Hanafi Faridz (PT. AHLAL PUBLISHER NUSANTARA, 2026)
Sistem cold chain memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga kualitas produk yang bersifat perishable selama proses penyimpanan dan distribusi. Gangguan terhadap kestabilan suhu dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas produk, kerugian ekonomi, hingga menurunkan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko utama pada sistem cold chain di PT. XYZ serta merumuskan strategi mitigasi menggunakan pendekatan Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) dan Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Penelitian menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan menganalisis berbagai referensi ilmiah mengenai manajemen risiko cold chain, SWOT, dan FMEA, kemudian mengaplikasikan kedua metode tersebut pada studi kasus PT. XYZ. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan memiliki kekuatan berupa infrastruktur gudang pendingin yang memadai dan teknologi pemantauan suhu secara real-time, namun masih memiliki kelemahan berupa sistem pergudangan yang bersifat manual serta ketergantungan terhadap satu vendor kendaraan pendingin. Analisis FMEA menunjukkan bahwa fluktuasi suhu selama proses pengiriman merupakan risiko dengan prioritas tertinggi sehingga memerlukan tindakan mitigasi segera. Integrasi SWOT dan FMEA menghasilkan rekomendasi strategis berupa implementasi Warehouse Management System (WMS), peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia, penerapan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT), serta kerja sama dengan penyedia jasa logistik pihak ketiga (3PL). Pendekatan tersebut diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan risiko dan keandalan sistem cold chain. Kata Kunci: Cold Chain, SWOT, FMEA, Manajemen Risiko, Logistik. Abstract The cold chain system plays an important role in maintaining the quality of perishable products during storage and distribution. Temperature instability may reduce product quality, cause economic losses, and decrease customer satisfaction. This study aims to identify the main risks in the cold chain system at PT. XYZ and formulate mitigation strategies using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) approaches. This research employs a literature study by reviewing scientific references related to cold chain risk management, SWOT, and FMEA, followed by their application to the PT. XYZ case study. The SWOT analysis indicates that the company has strengths in adequate cold storage facilities and real-time temperature monitoring technology, while its weaknesses include manual warehouse management and dependence on a single refrigerated vehicle supplier. The FMEA analysis identifies temperature fluctuation during distribution as the highest-priority risk requiring immediate mitigation. The integration of SWOT and FMEA produces strategic recommendations, including the implementation of a Warehouse Management System (WMS), improvement of human resource competencies, adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and collaboration with Third Party Logistics (3PL) providers. These strategies are expected to improve risk management effectiveness and enhance the reliability of the company's cold chain system. Keywords: Cold Chain, SWOT, FMEA, Risk Management, Logistics.