Transformasi Relasi Digital ke dalam Ikatan Perkawinan: Tinjauan Hukum terhadap Praktik Pernikahan Berbasis Media Online dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam - Kamilatuzzakia (Program Studi Hukum Keluarga Islam Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, 2026)
Abstrak: Transformasi teknologi informasi telah merekonstruksi mekanisme interaksi sosial, termasuk pada aspek sakral dalam hukum keluarga Islam melalui fenomena pernikahan berbasis media daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pergeseran budaya, konstruksi teknis-syariat, serta legalitas hukum Islam terhadap praktik pernikahan virtual di era digital. Menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif-normatif, penelitian ini mengkaji literatur fikih klasik, fatwa kontemporer, dan regulasi terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi telah mengubah mekanisme ta’aruf dan akad nikah dari perjumpaan fisik menuju ruang virtual yang menuntut adaptasi nilai kesakralan. Dalam aspek teknis-syariat, sahnya akad sangat bergantung pada pemaknaan ulang ittihad al-majlis menjadi kesatuan waktu (majlis hukmi) dengan syarat ketat berupa transmisi audio-visual real-time, kepastian identitas, dan kehadiran saksi yang tervalidasi. Secara hukum Islam, praktik ini berada dalam ranah khilafiyah, namun kecenderungan ijtihad kontemporer memberikan legalitas fungsional sebagai bentuk maslahah mursalah dan kemudahan (taysir) bagi umat, selama prinsip kehati-hatian (al-ihtiyath) terhadap risiko manipulasi teknologi dapat terjamin. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun teknologi memungkinkan terciptanya ikatan perkawinan yang sah secara syariat melalui media daring, integritas prosesi tetap menjadi pilar utama guna menghindari ketidakpastian hukum (gharar) di masa depan. Kata kunci: pernikahan online, ittihad al-majlis, transformasi digital Abstract: Abstract: The transformation of information technology has reconstructed the mechanisms of social interaction, including the sacred aspects of Islamic family law through the phenomenon of online-based marriage. This study aims to analyze cultural shifts, the technical-sharia construction, as well as the legality in Islamic law regarding virtual marriage practices in the digital era. Using library research methods with a qualitative-normative approach, this study examines classical fiqh literature, contemporary fatwas, and related regulations. The results of the study show that digitalization has changed the mechanisms of ta’aruf and the marriage contract from physical meetings to virtual spaces, requiring an adaptation of the sacred values. In the technical-sharia aspects, the validity of the contract highly depends on the reinterpretation of ittihad al-majlis into unified time (majlis hukmi) with strict conditions such as real-time audio-visual transmission, identity certainty, and the presence of validated witnesses. Under Islamic law, this practice falls within the realm of khilafiyah (matters of difference of opinion), but contemporary ijtihad tends to provide functional legality as a form of maslahah mursalah (public interest) and facilitation (taysir) for the community, as long as the principle of caution (al-ihtiyath) against the risk of technological manipulation can be ensured. This study concludes that although technology allows the creation of a marriage bond that is valid according to sharia through online media, the integrity of the process remains the main pillar to avoid legal uncertainty (gharar) in the future. Keywords: online marriage, ittihad al-majlis, digital transformation