Faktor Lingkungan sebagai Penyebab Kasus Pneumonia di Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah - Yuni Wijayanti; Fifti Istiklaili; Lutfi Muzaqi; Arum Siwiendrayanti; Mustofa Daru Affandi; Anita Luvitasari; Adinda Mayhana Pramesti; Diyan Argani Kusumaningtyas; Tri Prapto Kurniawan; Fery Nurhandoko (Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, 2026)
Latar belakang: Pneumonia masih memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap kematian anak usia di bawah lima tahun. Di Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah, cakupan deteksi pneumonia pada 2024 baru mencapai 70,1%, sementara prevalensinya meningkat menjadi 3,28%. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai keterkaitan kondisi lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah tersebut.Metode: Penelitian case-control ini merekrut 68 balita melalui purposive sampling, masing-masing 34 subjek pada kelompok kasus dan kontrol. Kasus ditentukan berdasarkan diagnosis pneumonia selama 2024-2025. Kontrol merupakan balita seusia yang tinggal di sekitar rumah kasus dan tidak mempunyai riwayat pneumonia. Informasi diperoleh melalui observasi serta pengukuran langsung terhadap jumlah koloni fungi, suhu, intensitas pencahayaan, dan kelembapan lingkungan rumah.Hasil: Fungi yang teridentifikasi meliputi Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., dan Rhizopus sp., sedangkan mikroba yang ditemukan adalah Staphylococcus. Analisis bivariat memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah koloni fungi, suhu, pencahayaan, dan kelembapan masing-masing berkaitan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita (p<0,001; p=0,029; p=0,003; dan p=0,006).Simpulan: Kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kabupaten Banjarnegara berkaitan secara signifikan dengan kualitas lingkungan rumah. Oleh sebab itu, pengendalian faktor lingkungan hunian perlu menjadi bagian dari upaya pencegahan pneumonia pada balita. ABSTRACTTitle: Environmental Factors as the Cause of Pneumonia Cases in Banjarnegara, Central Java ProvinceBackground: Pneumonia continues to contribute substantially to mortality among children under five years of age. In Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java, pneumonia detection coverage reached only 70.1% in 2024, while prevalence increased to 3.28%. This study assessed the association between household environmental conditions and pneumonia among young children in the regency.Method: This case-control study enrolled 68 children through purposive sampling, comprising 34 cases and 34 controls. Cases were identified from children diagnosed with pneumonia during 2024-2025. Controls were age-matched children living near the case households who had no previous history of pneumonia. Data were obtained through observation and direct measurement of fungal colony counts, temperature, indoor lighting, and humidity.Result: Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Rhizopus sp. were the fungal genera identified, while Staphylococcus was the detected bacterial genus. Bivariate analysis indicated significant associations of fungal colony count, temperature, lighting, and humidity with pneumonia in children under five (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively).Conclusion: Household environmental quality was significantly associated with pneumonia among children under five in Banjarnegara Regency. Measures to control residential environmental risks should therefore be incorporated into pneumonia-prevention programs for this age group.