Analisis Kesalahan Pengatur Lalu Lintas Udara (ATC) terhadap Kecelakaan dan Insiden Penerbangan: Sebuah Literature Review: Analysis of Air Traffic Control (ATC) Errors in Aviation Accidents and Incidents: A Literature Review - Ganang Sulistya Hendrarto; Rany Adiliawija; Elfi Amir (Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu, 2026)
Kesalahan Pengatur Lalu Lintas Udara (ATC) merupakan salah satu faktor kritis yang berkontribusi pada kecelakaan dan insiden penerbangan di seluruh dunia. Literature review ini bertujuan menganalisis, mengidentifikasi, dan mensintesis bukti ilmiah terkait jenis, penyebab, dan dampak kesalahan ATC terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis pada Google Scholar, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect (2002–2023). Dari 87 artikel yang ditemukan, sebanyak 10 memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa human error merupakan faktor dominan dalam insiden ATC (>70%), dengan penyebab utama meliputi beban kerja berlebih, kelelahan, dan kegagalan komunikasi. Penerapan Safety Management System (SMS) dan kerangka Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) terbukti efektif dalam mitigasi risiko. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi kebijakan keselamatan ATC nasional dan pengembangan pelatihan berbasis human factors. Air Traffic Control (ATC) errors are among the most critical factors contributing to aviation accidents and incidents worldwide. This literature review aims to analyze, identify, and synthesize scientific evidence regarding the types, causes, and impacts of ATC errors on aviation safety. A systematic literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from 2002 to 2023. Of the 87 articles initially identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to in-depth analysis. The synthesis reveals that human error is the dominant factor in ATC-related incidents (>70%), with primary causes including excessive workload, fatigue, and communication failures. The implementation of Safety Management Systems (SMS) and the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework has proven effective in risk mitigation. These findings carry important implications for national ATC safety policies and the development of human factors-based training programs.