PENGARUH PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN PERAIRAN TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN BUDIDAYA IKAN AIR TAWAR DI KOTA PADANG - Muhammad Amri; Budi Santosa; Desi Ratna Sari; Siti Aisyah (Smart Education, 2025)
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the impact of river pollution on the performance of freshwater aquaculture using five major rivers in Padang City: Batang Arau, Batang Kuranji, Batang Air Dingin, Batang Kandis, and Batang Anai. A quantitative approach was applied through field surveys and laboratory analyses at three stations of each river to measure physical, chemical, and biological water parameters, as well as aquaculture performance indicators including survival rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and harvest biomass. The results show that most water quality parameters exceeded the Class II standards of Government Regulation No. 22/2021, particularly turbidity, TSS, ammonia, BOD, COD, and total coliform. Regression analysis indicates that chemical parameters have the strongest influence on aquaculture performance, followed by physical parameters, while biological parameters are near-significant, and anthropogenic pollution exerts a significant negative effect. Batang Air Dingin showed the best water quality and aquaculture performance, whereas Batang Kandis exhibited the highest pollution level and lowest production outcomes. The study concludes that river pollution significantly reduces freshwater aquaculture productivity and highlights the need for sustainable water quality management. Keywords: Aquaculture; Performance; Pollution; River; Water Quality. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pencemaran air sungai terhadap keberhasilan budidaya ikan air tawar pada lima sungai utama di Kota Padang, yaitu Batang Arau, Batang Kuranji, Batang Air Dingin, Batang Kandis, dan Batang Anai. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui survei lapangan dan analisis laboratorium pada tiga stasiun setiap sungai, meliputi parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi, serta indikator performa budidaya yang terdiri dari survival rate, laju pertumbuhan harian, feed conversion ratio, dan biomassa panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar parameter kualitas air telah melampaui baku mutu PP 22/2021 Kelas II, terutama kekeruhan, TSS, amonia, BOD, COD, dan total coliform. Analisis regresi mengindikasikan bahwa parameter kimia merupakan faktor paling dominan memengaruhi keberhasilan budidaya, diikuti parameter fisika, sementara parameter biologi mendekati signifikan, dan pencemaran antropogenik terbukti berpengaruh negatif terhadap performa budidaya. Sungai Batang Air Dingin memiliki kualitas air terbaik dan hasil budidaya tertinggi, sedangkan Batang Kandis menunjukkan tingkat pencemaran tertinggi dan performa budidaya terendah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pencemaran sungai berperan nyata dalam menurunkan produktivitas budidaya ikan dan perlu dilakukan pengelolaan kualitas air secara berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Budidaya Ikan; Kualitas Air; Pencemaran; Performa Budidaya; Sungai.