PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP DEBITOR DALAM RENCANA PERDAMAIAN YANG TELAH MEMENUHI SYARAT KUORUM RAPAT KREDITOR (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 301 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021) - Josua Gabriel Stivano Sirait; Sunarmi Sunarmi; Dedi Harianto (Smart Education, 2026)
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the legal protection afforded to debtors whose composition plans have fulfilled the quorum requirements in creditors' meetings based on the Supreme Court Decision Number 301 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021. This research employed a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach through library research using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis focused on the provisions of Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations and the relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that a composition plan satisfying the quorum requirements under Article 281 of Law Number 37 of 2004 must be ratified through homologation and is legally binding on all creditors, including those who oppose the plan. The Supreme Court Decision Number 301 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021 confirms that fulfilling the quorum requirements provides legal certainty and protection for debtors to restructure their debts and continue business operations without being declared bankrupt. The decision also reflects a balance between protecting creditors' rights and maintaining the debtor's business continuity in accordance with the objectives of the suspension of debt payment obligations. Keywords: Legal Protection; Debtor; Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations; Creditors' Meeting Quorum; Homologation. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap debitor dalam rencana perdamaian yang telah memenuhi syarat kuorum rapat kreditor berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 301 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Analisis dilakukan terhadap ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang serta putusan pengadilan yang menjadi objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rencana perdamaian yang telah memenuhi syarat kuorum sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 281 Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 wajib memperoleh pengesahan (homologasi) dan mengikat seluruh kreditor, termasuk kreditor yang tidak menyetujuinya. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 301 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021 menegaskan bahwa pemenuhan kuorum memberikan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan bagi debitor untuk melakukan restrukturisasi utang serta melanjutkan kegiatan usahanya tanpa harus dinyatakan pailit. Putusan tersebut juga mencerminkan keseimbangan antara perlindungan hak kreditor dan keberlangsungan usaha debitor sesuai tujuan PKPU. Kata kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Debitor; PKPU; Kuorum Rapat Kreditor; Homologasi.