KONSISTENSI HASIL GABAH DAN UMUR PANEN PADA BEBERAPA GALUR HARAPAN PADI SAWAH - Ishaq, Iskandar (Jenderal Soedirman University, 2014)
Uji multilokasi dan adaptasi galur harapan merupakan salah satu tahapan yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul baru. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memperoleh genotipe padi sawah yang memiliki karakter produktivitas hasil tinggi dan berumur genjah secara konsisten. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Perlakuan adalah sebanyak 10 galur harapan (GH) dan 2 varietas pembanding (Dodokan dan Silugonggo), diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Cianjur (Desa Cisarandi, Kecamatan Warungkondang dan di Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Cianjur) pada MK-I 2009, sedangkan pada MK-I 2010 dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Bandung (Desa Kamasan, Kecamatan Banjaran) dan di Kabupaten Indramayu (Desa Bogor, Kecamatan Sukra). Analisis data menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 0,95. Variabel yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah anakan produktif, umur berbunga 50% (hari), umur masak/panen (hari), jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir gabah, dan hasil per ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa terdapat beberapa galur harapan (GH) padi sawah yang memiliki konsistensi hasil tinggi dan berumur genjah serta berpotensi dilepas sebagai varietas unggul baru padi sawah, yaitu GH-D (B11742-RS*2-3-MR-34-1-1-3); GH-K (B11742-RS*2-3-MR-34-1-4-3); GH-B (B11283-6C-PN-5-MR-2-3-Si-1-2-1-1); dan GH-C (B11283-6C-PN-5-MR-2-3-Si-1-3-1-1). Karakteristik morfologis dan agronomis GH tersebut dapat dideskripsikan : berumur <88 hari, tinggi tanaman <115 cm, memiliki jumlah anakan produktif 16-24, umur berbunga <33 hari, jumlah gabah >145 butir per malai, jumlah gabah isi >92 butir per malai, bobot 1000 butir gabah 25,5-27,0 g, dan hasil panen >8,07 t per ha. Kata kunci: padi sawah, umur genjah, hasil, galur harapan, konsistensi ABSTRACTMultilocation and adaptation test is one of the promising lines steps to be done to get new varieties. The purpose is to obtaining for consistency high yield potential and early maturing rice genotype consistencynally. The experiment used randomized block design (RBD). The treatments were 10 promising lines and 2 check varieties (Dodokan and Silugonggo), repeated 4 times. Research locates in Cianjur Regency (Cisarandi Village, Warungkondang District and Mekarsari Village, Cianjur District) on Dry Season-I 2009, while the Dry Season-I 2010 held in Bandung Regency (Kamasan Village, District Banjaran) and in Indramayu Regency (Bogor Village, Sukra District). Data was analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a test of least significant difference (LSD) at level 0.95. Observed variable include: plant height (cm), number of productive tillers, days to flowering of 50% (days), harvesting time (days), number of grains per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and the yield per hectare. The results showed, that there were some promising lines having consistency both high productivity and early maturing rice potential to be released as new high variety for specific region of West Java, namely promising lines B11742-RS * 2-3-MR-34-1- 1-3; B11742-RS * 2-3-MR-34-1-4-3; B11283-PN-6C-5-MR-2-3-Si-1- 2-1-1 and B11283-PN-6C-5-MR-2-3-Si-1-3-1-1. Morphological and agronomic characteristics of promising lines can be described as follows: has maturated <109 days, plant height <115 cm, the number of productive tillers 16 - 24, flowering <33 days, number of grains >145 grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight from 25.5 to 27.0 g, and yields >8.07 t per ha. Key words: rice, early mature, yield, lines, consistency