Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø§Øª ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© - Maulidiyah, Khoirun Ni'mah; Syaifullah, Syaifullah (Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, 2015)
ÙÙŠ Ø¥Ù†Ø¯ÙˆÙ†Ø³ÙŠØ§ØŒ Ù„Ø§ ÙŠØªØ¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø·Ø§Ù„Ø¨ Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¤Ø³Ø³Ø© Ø§Ù„ØªØ±Ø¨ÙˆÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠØ© ØºÙŠØ± Ø±Ø³Ù…ÙŠØ© ÙƒØ§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù‡Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠ ÙÙ‚Ø·ØŒ Ø¨Ù„ ÙŠØªØ¹Ù„Ù…Ù‡Ø§ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¤Ø³Ø³Ø© Ø§Ù„ØªØ±Ø¨ÙˆÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø±Ø³Ù…ÙŠØ©ÙƒÙ…Ø§ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¨ØªØ¯Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© Ø£ÙŠØ¶Ø§. Ùˆ Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ø±ØºÙ… Ù…Ù† Ø°Ù„ÙƒØŒ ÙØ¥Ù† Ù†Ø´Ø£Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ùˆ Ø§Ù‡ØªÙ…Ø§Ù… Ø¹Ù„ÙŠÙ‡Ø§ Ù‚Ù„ÙŠÙ„Ø©ØŒ Ø¥ÙØªØ±Ø¶ Ù…Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø¹ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù… Ø£Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ØµØ¹Ø¨Ø©. Ùˆ Ù‡Ø°Ø§ Ø§Ù„ØØ§Ù„ Ù…ÙˆØ¤Ø«Ø± Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ ØªØ·Ø¨ÙŠÙ‚ ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø©. ÙÙ„Ø°Ù„ÙƒØŒ ØªÙˆØ¯ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ø§ØØ«Ø© Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„ÙƒØ´Ù Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù† ÙƒÙŠÙ ØªØ·Ø¨ÙŠÙ‚ ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¨ØªØ¯Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ©.Â Ùˆ ÙŠÙ‡Ø¯Ù Ù‡Ø°Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ« Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªÙˆØ§Ø¶Ø¹ Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙØ© Ø¥Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø¡ ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ Ùˆ Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙØ© Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø§Øª ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ùˆ Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙØ© Ù…ØØ§ÙˆÙ„Ø© Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ ØÙ„Ù‘ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø§Øª ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© Ø£ÙˆÙ„Ø§Ùƒ-Ø£Ù„ÙŠÙ† Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¨ØªØ¯Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³Ù„Ø§Ù…ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØÙƒÙˆÙ…ÙŠØ© Ùˆ Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© ÙˆØ§Ù„ÙŠ ØµØ§ØºØ§ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¨ØªØ¯Ø§Ø¦ÙŠØ©.Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù†ÙˆØ¹ Ù…Ù† Ù‡Ø°Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ« Ù‡Ùˆ Ø¨ØØ« Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙŠÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ÙˆØµÙÙŠ. Ùˆ ÙŠØ¬Ø±ÙŠ Ø¬Ù…Ø¹ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù†Ø§Øª Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø±Ø§Ù‚Ø¨Ø© Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù‚Ø§Ø¨Ù„Ø© Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙˆØ«Ù‚Ø©. Ùˆ ÙŠØ¬Ø±ÙŠ ØªØÙ„ÙŠÙ„ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù†Ø§Øª Ù…Ø¹ ØªØÙˆÙŠÙ„ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù†Ø§Øª Ø«Ù… ØªÙ‚Ø¯ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù†Ø§Øª Ø«Ù… ØªØÙ‚Ù‚Ù‘ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù†Ø§Øª Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù‚ÙŠØ§Ù… Ø¨ØªØØ³ÙŠÙ†Ø§Øª Ø¹Ù† Ø·Ø±ÙŠÙ‚ Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø«ÙˆØ± Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ù†Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„ØªÙŠ ØªØØªØ§Ø¬ Ø¥Ù„Ù‰ Ø£Ù† ØªØ£Ø®Ø° Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø³ØªÙ†ØªØ§Ø¬Ø§ØªÙˆ ØªØ¸Ù‡Ø± Ù‡Ø°Ù‡ Ù†ØªØ§Ø¦Ø¬ Ø§Ù„Ø¨ØØ« Ø£Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ÙÙŠ ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ØªØªÙƒÙˆÙ† Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ÙÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ÙÙŠ ØºÙŠØ± Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ©. Ø£Ù…Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ÙÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ù‡ÙŠ ØªØ¹Ø°Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ØªØ±Ø¬Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù‚Ø±Ø§Ø¡Ø© Ø¨Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ Ùˆ ØªØ¹Ø°Ù‘Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ØªØ±Ø¬Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø¨Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ Ùˆ ØªØ¹Ø°Ù‘Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø©Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ø¨Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¡ØŒ Ùˆ ÙŠØ´Ø¹Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ø§Ù„ØµØ¹ÙˆØ¨Ø© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„ØªØ±ØªÙŠØ¨ Ø£Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ø¥ØªØµØ§Ù„ Ø§Ù„ØØ±Ù Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ Ùˆ Ù†Ù‚Øµ Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙØ±Ø¯Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„ØªÙŠ ÙŠÙ…Ù„ÙƒÙ‡Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ø·Ø§Ù„Ø¨. Ø£Ù…Ø§ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ÙÙŠ ØºÙŠØ± Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ù‡ÙŠ Ø¶ÙŠÙ‚ ÙˆÙ‚Øª Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ…ÙŠØŒ Ùˆ Ø¹Ø¯Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ù‡ØªÙ…Ø§Ù… Ù…Ù† Ø£Ø¨Ø§Ø¡ Ùˆ Ø£Ù…Ù‡Ø§Øª Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙÙŠ Ø£Ù†Ø´Ø·Ø© Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ù„Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù†Ø²Ù„ Ø®Ø§ØµØ© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ Ùˆ Ù†Ø¸Ø±Ø§Ù‹ Ù„ØºÙŠØ§Ø¨ ÙˆØ³Ø§Ø¦Ù„ Ù…Ù…Ø§Ø±Ø³Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø·ÙØ§Ù„ Ù„Ù„ØªØØ¯Ø« Ø£Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù…ØØ§Ø¯Ø«Ø© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ØªÙ…Ø¹ØŒ Ùˆ Ø¹Ø¯Ù… Ø§Ù„ÙƒÙØ§ÙŠØ© Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø±Ø§ÙÙ‚ Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù†ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØªØØªÙŠØ©. Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù…ØØ§ÙˆÙ„Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù…Ø°ÙˆÙ„Ø© Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø© Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ù‡ÙŠ ÙŠØ¹Ø·ÙŠ Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹ÙŠÙŠÙ†Ø§Øª Ù„ØÙØ¸ Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙØ±Ø¯Ø§ØªØŒ ÙŠØ¹Ø·ÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù…Ù…Ø§Ø±Ø³Ø© Ù„ÙƒØªØ§Ø¨Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙØ±Ø¯Ø§Øª Ø¨Ø¥Ù…Ù„Ø§Ø¡ØŒ ØªÙˆÙÙ‘Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© Ù…ÙˆØ§Ø¶ÙŠØ¹ Ø¥Ø¶Ø§ÙÙŠØ©ØŒ ØªÙˆÙÙ‘Ø± Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø¯Ø±ÙˆØ³ Ø§Ù„Ø¥Ø¶Ø§ÙÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø®Ø§ØµØ© ÙÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÙŠÙ†ÙŠØ© Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ ÙŠØ³ØªØ®Ø¯Ù… Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ø£ØºÙ†ÙŠØ© ÙƒÙ…Ù‚Ø¯Ù…Ø© Ù„Ù„ØªØ¹Ù„Ù…. Ùˆ Ø§Ù„Ù…ØØ§ÙˆÙ„Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø¨Ù…Ø°ÙˆÙ„Ø© Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ø© Ù…Ø´ÙƒÙ„Ø© ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ÙÙŠ ØºÙŠØ± Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ù‡ÙŠ ØªØØ¯ÙŠØ¯ Ùˆ ØªØµÙ†ÙŠÙ Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ù‚Ø¯Ø±Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ ÙÙŠ Ù…Ø¹Ø±ÙØ© Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© ØŒ ÙŠØØ§ÙˆÙ„ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙˆØ§Ø¯ Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ…ÙŠØ© Ø§Ù„Ù‚Ø§Ø¦Ù…Ø© Ø¹Ù„Ù‰ Ø¨Ø§ÙˆÙŠØ±-Ø¨ÙˆÙŠÙ†Øª Ù„Ø¬Ø¹Ù„ Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù… Ø§Ù„ÙˆØ³Ø§Ø¦Ù„ Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙˆØ¬ÙˆØ¯Ø©ØŒ Ù†Ø´Øª Ø§Ù„ØÙƒÙˆÙ…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ø£Ù†Ø·Ù…Ø© Ø§Ù„Ù…ØªØ¹Ù„Ù‘Ù‚Ø© Ø¨Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹ÙŠÙŠØ±Ø§Øª Ù„ØªØ®ØµÙŠØµ Ø³Ø§Ø¹Ø© Ø¯Ø±Ø³ Ø§Ù„Ù„ØºØ© Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ©ØŒ ÙŠØ¹Ø·ÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù… Ø§Ù„Ø±Ø³Ø§Ù„Ø© Ù„Ù„Ø¥Ù‡ØªÙ…Ø§Ù… ØªÙ‚Ø¯Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ù…Ù† Ø§Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ØŒ ÙŠØ¹Ø·ÙŠ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¯Ø±Ø³Ø© Ø¨Ø±Ù†Ø§Ù…Ø¬ Ø¥Ø¶Ø§ÙÙŠÙ‘ØŒ ÙŠØ³Ø¹Ù‰ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¹Ù„Ù‘Ù… Ø§Ù„ÙØ±ØµØ© Ù„Ù„Ø·Ù„Ø§Ø¨ Ù„Ù„Ø³Ø¤Ø§Ù„ Ùˆ Ø£Ø¹Ø·Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„Ø£Ø³Ø¦Ù„Ø© ØÙˆÙ„ Ø§Ù„Ù…ÙˆØ¶ÙˆØ¹ØŒ Ø³ÙˆØ§Ø¡ ÙÙŠ Ø£Ø«Ù†Ø§Ø¡ Ø§Ù„ØªØ¹Ù„ÙŠÙ… Ø£Ùˆ Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯Ù‡Ø§