STATUS GIZI ANAK BALITA DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA DI DUA KECAMATAN DI KOTA PEKANBARU - Desfita, Sri; Priwahyuni, Yuyun (PERSATUAN AHLI GIZI INDONESIA, 2014)
Berdasarkan profil kesehatan Provinsi Riau tahun 2010 diketahui bahwa prevalensi status gizi pendek di Kota Pekanbaru sebesar 30,2 persen. Batas masalah kesehatan masyarakat untuk status gizi pendek adalah lebih dari 20 persen.5 Dengan demikian masalah kekurangan gizi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status gizi anak balita dan hubungannya dengan riwayat menyusui dan pengetahuan gizi ibu di kota Pekanbaru. Jenis penelitian adalah observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh anak balita di kecamatan Sail dan kecamatan Tampan, kota Pekanbaru. Sampel adalah anak balita berusia 6 - 60 bulan sebanyak 194 anak balita. Teknik sampling menggunakan purposive dalam pemilihan kecamatan, dan secara consecutive sampling dalam pemilihan subjek penelitian. Variabel penelitian adalah status gizi anak balita sebagai variabel terikat dan riwayat menyusui (inisiasi menyusu dini dalam 1 jam setelah lahir, pemberian kolostrum, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif), serta pengetahuan gizi ibu sebagai variabel bebas. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji fisher exact. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 25 persen anak balita mengalami status gizi pendek, 9,25 persen mengalami gizi kurang, dan 4,16 persen mengalami kurus. Inisiasi menyusu dini, pemberian kolostrum, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi anak balita (p>0,05). Pengetahuan gizi ibu tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi anak balita (p>0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa masalah gizi pada anak balita di kota Pekanbaru terutama adalah status gizi pendek. Riwayat menyusui dan pengetahuan gizi ibu bukan merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap status gizi anak balita di kota Pekanbaru.ABSTRACT NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER-FIVE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN AND ITS CHARACHTERICTICS AT TWO SUB-DISTRICTS IN PEKANBARU CITY According to the health profile of Riau Province in 2010, the prevalence of stunting in under five year old children in Pekanbaru City is 30,2%. Cut-off for prevalence value to be a public health significance for stunting is > 20%. Thereby stunting is still a public health problem in Pekanbaru City. This aim of the study is to know the nutritional status of under-five-year-old children and its relationship with breastfeeding history and maternal nutritional knowledge. The study was observational using crossectional design. The study population was all children aged under five years in Sail Sub District and Tampan Sub District, Pekanbaru City. The samples were taken consecutive sampling among 6-60 months children. The total samples were 194 children. Purposive sampling was used to select the sub district and consecutive sampling was used to select the sample. Variables studied include nutritional status using anthropometry as dependent variable, breastfeeding history (initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth, colostrum feeding, and exclusive breastfeeding) and maternal nutritional knowledge as independent variables. Data analysis was used for univariate and bivariate using chi square and fisher exact tests. The results showed that 25% of children were stunted, 9.25% were underweight while 4.16% were wasted. Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth, colostrum feeding and exclusive breastfeeding, as well as maternal nutritional knowledge were not significant (p>0.05) with nutritional status of children under-five years. In conclusion, stunted is the major nutritional problem in Pekanbaru City. Breastfeeding history and maternal nutritional knowledge are not significant risk factors for undernutrition among children under-five years.Keywords: nutritional status, breastfeeding history, maternal nutritional knowledge, children under-five years