OPTIMALISASI PERAN GENDER DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN NELAYAN - Istiana Istiana; Hikmah Hikmah; Mursidin Mursidin (Balai Besar Riset Sosial Eonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 2008)
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran gender pada rumah tangga melalui peningkatan pendapatan, optimalisasi peran gender dan kaitannya dengan pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan yang ada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lamongan (nelayan Brondong), Jawa Timur dan Kota Padang (nelayan Koto tangah) Sumatera Barat pada bulan april dan Juni 2007. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei (wawancara terstruktur) terhadap 60 rumah tangga dan diolah dengan analisis deskriptif. Keterlibatan istri nelayan Padang di sektor produktif menghasilkan pendapatan sedangkan istri nelayan Lamongan tidak karena dianggap membantu pekerjaan suami. Pada masyarakat nelayan Brondong, lakilaki memiliki beban lebih daripada perempuan, sebaliknya di padang, istri memiliki beban lebih dan beban ganda. Keputusan di sektor domestik di dominasi istri. Keputusan sektor produktif di Lamongan didominasi suami (100%) sedangkan di Padang dilakukan secara bersama. Optimalisasi peran gender pada masyarakat nelayan Brondong perlu dilakukan melalui pelibatan peran perempuan sedangkan di Padang, peran suami dalam usaha pengolahan perlu dilibatkan. Gender merupakan konstruksi sosial budaya, gender tidaksehingga bersifat universal melainkan relatif pada konteks sosial budaya masyarakatnya. Arahan kebijakan yang sesuai untuk nelayan Brondong adalah pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan karena mereka memiliki waktu luang 7,47 jam/hari (31,11%). Sedangkan untuk masyarakat nelayan Padang, pemberdayaan lebih kearah peningkatan pemahaman konsep gender dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Tittle: Optimalization of the Gender Role in Increasing Fishers’ ProsperityThis research aimed to analyze gender role in increasing familys properity through increasing income, optimalization gender role and relation with empowerment program. This research were done in Lamongan (Brondong fisheries), East Java and Padang (Koto tangah fisheries) West Sumatra on April and June 2007. The research used survey method of 60 families and processed by a descriptive analysis. Results of the study show that the Padang wife's fisheries involved in productive sector can generate income, but the situation was not happened in Lamongan because the wife's supposed helping husband's work only. In Brondong fisheries society, men have a more work-load than women. Women have a lot of work-load than men. In Lamongan, the decission for domestic sector is dominanted by wife and for productive sector is dominanted by husband (100%). Decisions were made together. The optimalization gender role in Brondong fisheries society needs to be done by involving women's role. In Padang, men should be involved in the procesing industry. Gender was inclusive in the of social-culture contruction, so that gender is not universal, but relative in each society context. Suitable policy guidance for Brondong fisheries is to empowering women economic activity, because they have spare time for about 7,47 hours/day (31,11%). Mean while for Padang fisheries society, empowerment should be directed to increase understanding gender concept to achieve the family's prosperity.