Kultur akar rambut in vitro serta pemanfaatan kultur ganda untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan endomikoriza (Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp.) Hairy root culture in vitro and the application of dual culture for growth and development of endomycorrhiza ( Gigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp.) - Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS; . SITI-CHALIMAH; . MUHADIONO; Latifah AZNAM; Said HARAN (INDONESIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINDUSTRY, 2007)
SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi areecologically important for most vascular plantsfor their growth and survival. AM fungi areobligate symbions, and conventionally propa-gated by pot culture with a certain host plants.This papers describes the establishment ofmonoxenic cultures of Gigaspora sp. andAcaulospora sp in association with excised RiT-DNA transformed carrot roots and tomatoin vitro plants. Spores of Gigaspora sp. andAcaulospora sp. was cultured in monoxenictomato, carrot and hairy root of carrot in vitrocultures. The objectives of these studies were toobtained dual culture ( axenic and hairy root)for germination, sporulation, and infection ofGigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp. Theresearch consisted of (i) host plant selectionwith high compatibility for hairy rootformation, (ii) media selection for potato andcarrot hairy root culture, (iii) hairy root ofGranola potato and carrot in dual culture, and(iv) germination, sporulation, and infection ofGigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp. in vitroculture. The results showed that hairy rootsinduction were obtained from Granola,Atlantik potato and carrot in MS, B5 andWhite media. Granola, Atlantik potato andcarrot hairy root grow well in MS and Whitemedium, respectively. In dual culture media(MM media) hairy root of carrot grow well, buthairy root of Granola potato were inhibited.Germination, sporulation of Gigaspora sp.and Acaulospora sp. and root infection byboth CMA could be maintained in dual culturewith host carrot, tomato plants and carrothairy root culture in MM mediaRingkasanCendawan Arbuskular Mikoriza (CMA)secara ekologi berperan penting untuk ke-langsungan hidup tanaman. CMA adalahsimbion obligat, dan secara konvensional di-perbanyak dengan kultur pot menggunakantanaman inang tertentu. Tulisan ini menjelas-kan kultur monoksenik Gigaspora sp. danAcaulospora sp. berasosiasi dengan kultur akarrambut tanaman wortel dan tomat yangdiinokulasi dengan Ri T-DNA. Spora dariGigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp. dikultur-kan secara monoksenik in vitro dengantanaman tomat, wortel dan kultur akar rambutwortel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmendapatkan kultur ganda (aksenik dan akarrambut) untuk perkecambahan, sporulasi, daninfeksi Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulospora sp.Penelitian terdiri atas (i) seleksi tanaman inangdengan tingkat kompatibilitas tinggi untukpembentukan akar rambut, (ii) seleksi mediumuntuk kultur akar rambut wortel, (iii) akarrambut kentang Granola dan kultur gandawortel, dan (iv) perkecambahan, sporulasi,serta infeksi Gigaspora sp. dan Acaulosporasp. dalam kultur in vitro. Hasil yang diperolehmenunjukkan bahwa induksi kultur akarrambut diperoleh dari kentang Granola,Atlantik dan wortel dalam medium MS, B5 danWhite. Akar rambut kentang Granola, Atlantikdan wortel tumbuh baik dalam medium MSdan White. Akar rambut kentang dapat tumbuhbaik dalam medium kultur ganda, yaitumedium MM. Sebaliknya pertumbuhan kulturakar rambut kentang dalam medium yang samamengalami hambatan. Perkecambahan, sporu-lasi Gigaspora sp. maupun Acaulospora sp..serta infeksi akar oleh kedua jenis CMA dapatdilakukan dalam kultur ganda dengan tanamaninang wortel, tanaman kentang serta dengankultur akar rambut wortel dalam medium MM.