Artikel Penelitian Pengaruh Pendampingan Apoteker Saat Visite Dokter terhadap Kesalahan Peresepan di Ruang Perawatan Intensif - Marlina A. Turnodihardjo; Lukman Hakim; Dewi Kartikawatiningsih (Universitas Padjadjaran, 2016)
Saat ini keselamatan pasien (patient safety) menjadi isu penting dalam pelayanan farmasi karena tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kesalahan pengobatan kerap terjadi di rumah sakit. Kesalahan pengobatan yang sering terjadi adalah kesalahan peresepan yang merupakan tahap awal proses pelayanan farmasi. Kesalahan peresepan berpotensi fatal bila terjadi di ruang perawatan intensif disebabkan karena kondisi pasien yang kritis, banyak komplikasi dan polifarmasi. Salah satu upaya pencegahan kesalahan peresepan adalah dengan pendampingan apoteker di ruang perawatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendampingan apoteker saat visite dokter terhadap kesalahan peresepan di ruang perawatan intensif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimental dengan desain one group pre-post test. Pengambilan data secara prospektif dilakukan selama bulan April–Mei 2015 terhadap 110 sampel resep. Skrining resep dilakukan apoteker depo untuk mencatat kesalahan peresepan pada lembar observasi. Kesalahan peresepan didefinisikan sebagai kesalahan dalam proses penulisan resep. Kesalahan penulisan yang dimaksud adalah informasi resep yang tidak lengkap/tidak ditulis dan informasi resep yang tidak sesuai kesepakatan. Analisa perbedaan kesalahan peresepan sebelum dan dengan pendampingan apoteker menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna antara kesalahan peresepan sebelum dan dengan pendampingan apoteker (p<0,05). Juga terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara frekuensi rekomendasi pendampingan apoteker dan frekuensi kesalahan peresepan (r= –0,638; p<0,05). Artinya kegiatan pendampingan apoteker perlu ditingkatkan sebagai awalan implementasi farmasi klinik dan proses kolaborasi antara dokter dan apoteker. Hal tersebut tentu saja membutuhkan dukungan sistem manajemen rumah sakit agar komunikasi interpersonal diantara profesi lebih mudah terwujud.Kata kunci: Farmasi klinik, kesalahan peresepan, one group pre-post test, pendampingan apoteker Effect of Pharmacist Participation During Physician Rounds and Prescription Error in the Intensive Care Unit Patient’s safety is now a prominent issue in pharmaceutical care because of adverse drug events that is common in hospitalized patients. Majority of error are likely occured during prescribing, which is the first stage of pharmacy process. Prescription errors mostly occured in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), which is due to the severity of the illness of its patients as well as the large number of medications prescribed. Pharmacist participation actually could reduce prescribing error made by doctors. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacist participation during physician rounds on prescription errors in the ICU. This study was a quasi-experimental design with one group pre-post test. A prospective study was conducted from April to May 2015 by screening 110 samples of orders. Screening was done to identify type of prescription errors. Prescription error was defined as error in the prescription writing process – incomplete information and not according to agreement. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in prescribing errors. The results showed that there was the differences between prescription errors before and during the pharmacist participation (p<0.05). There was also a significant negative correlation between the frequency of pharmacist recommendation on drug ordering and prescription errors (r= –0.638; p<0.05). It means the pharmacist participation was one of the strategies that can be adopted to prevent in prescribing errors and implementation of collaboration between both doctors and pharmacists. In other words, the supporting hospital management system which would encourage interpersonal communication among health care proffesionals is needed.Keywords: Clinical pharmacist, one group pre-post test, pharmacist participation, prescription errors