Peranan Badan Reintegrasi Aceh Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Mantan Narapidana Politik GAM Tahun 2015-2017 - Reza Fachri; Ubaidullah Ubaidullah (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 2019)
ABSTRAK Badan Reintegrasi Aceh (BRA) merupakan sebuah lembaga yang menangani proses reintegrasi terhadap mantan kombatan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), narapidana politik, dan masyarakat korban konflik. BRA lahir berdasarkan Intruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia (RI) Nomor 15 tahun 2005 tentang pelaksanaan nota kesepahaman antara Pemerintah RI dan GAM atau Memorandum of Understanding, MoU Helsinki. Qanun Aceh Nomor 6 tahun2015 tentang BRA serta MoU Helsinki merupakan landasan pedoman BRA dalam menjalankan peranannya. Masalah yang kemudian muncul yaitu belum terealisasi sepenuhnya proses reintegrasi terhadap mantan narapidana politik GAM, hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya demonstrasi dari mantan narapidana politik GAM yang berlangsung dari tahun 2016 sampai 2018 dengan tuntutan alokasi tanah, pekerjaan, dan jaminan sosial yang layak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah peranan BRA dan mengkaji hambatan BRA dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan mantan narapidana politik GAM tahun 2015-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan BRA dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan mantan narapidana poltik GAM tahun 2015-2017 yaitu, pertama bantuan pemberdayaan ekonomi, kedua bantuan sosial, ketiga jaminan sosial bagi yang tidak mampu bekerja, kelima rehabilitasi fisik, mental, dan psikososial. Adapun juga hambatan BRA yaitu, pertama lemahnya sinergi antar lembaga, kedua belum tersedianya data yang valid, ketiga kendala penentuan kebutuhan strategis dan penyusunan perencanaan, keempat keterbatasan anggaran, kelima penyaluran bantuan belum transparan dan aspiratif, keenam tingginya nilai politis yang memperlihatkan sisi nepotisme, ketujuh lemahnya desain program yang dijalankan BRA. Disarankan dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan mantan narapidana politik GAM hendaknya, Pemerintah RI agar mengucurkan anggaran untuk reintegrasi melalui APBN karena dana APBA belum sesuai dengan jumlah kebutuhan di lapangan, dan BRA segera merampungkan data base keseluruhan sasaran penerima bantuan, serta harus adanya perencanaan program yang tepat sasaran, diperlukannya evaluasi secara mendalam terhadap program yang sudah dijalankan sehingga tidak terjadi tumpang tindih bantuan agar sistem penyaluran bantuan transparan dan aspiratif.Kata Kunci : BRA, MoU Helsinki, ReintegrasiTHE ROLE OF ACEH REINTEGRATION BOARD IN IMPROVING THE WELFARE OF FORMERr GAM POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 2015-2017ABSTRACT The Aceh Reintegration Board (BRA) is an institution that handles the reintegration process of former Free Aceh Movement (GAM) combatants, political prisoners, and conflict-affected communities. BRA was established based on the President of the Republic of Indonesia (RI)’s Instruction Number 15 of2005 concerning the implementation of a memorandum of understanding between the Government of Indonesia and GAM or a Memorandum of Understanding, the Helsinki MoU. Aceh Qanun (Act) Number 6 of 2015 concerning BRA and the Helsinki MoU are the cornerstones of BRA's guidelines in carrying out its role. The problem that arises upon is it has not fully implementing the process of reintegration of GAM political prisoners, this is showed by the demonstration of GAM political prisoners who took place from 2016 to 2018 with demands for proper land allocation, employment and social security. This study aims to examine the role of the BRA and examine the obstacles of BRA to improve the welfare of former GAM political prisoners in 2015-2017. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The results showed that the role of BRA in improving the welfare of former GAM political prisoners in 2015-2017 was, firstly, economic empowerment assistance, secondly social assistance and third, social security for those who were unable to work, the fifth physical, mental, and psychosocial rehabilitation. The BRA barriers are, first, the lack of synergy between institutions, both the unavailability of valid data, then thirdly obstacles in determining strategic needs and planning, fourth lack of budget , fifth aid distributions are not transparent and aspirational, sixth high political intervention which shows nepotism, seventh weak design of programs runs by BRA. It is recommended that in improving the welfare of former GAM political prisoners, the Government of Indonesia should allocate a budget for reintegration through the State Budget (APBN) because Province Budget (APBA) funds are incompatible with the number of needs in the field, and BRA needs to immediately completes the database for all its beneficiaries, and program planning should be on targets, in-depth evaluation of the programs that have been underwent to avoid overlapping of aids. Thus, distribution system is transparent and aspirational.Keywords: BRA, MoU Helsinki, Reintegration