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INDONESIA
Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 14119587     EISSN : 25497863     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Cetak 1411-9587 dan ISSN Online 2549-7863) diterbitkan mulai tahun 2000 dengan frekuensi 2 kali setahun oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi PMIPA FKIP Universitas Mataram, berisi hasil penelitian dan ulasan Ilmiah dalam bidang Biologi Sains.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 140 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret" : 140 Documents clear
Literature Review: The Antimicrobial Potential of Xanthorrhizoland and Curcuminoids from the Rhizomes of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza (Temulawak) Habibah, Habibah; Mierza, Vriezka
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.10810

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that drives the search for new antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) contains two major active compounds, xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid, known for their antimicrobial properties. This review aims to analyze and compare the antimicrobial potential of these compounds to determine the most prospective candidate for development as an active natural antimicrobial agent in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA guideline on articles published between 2015 and 2025, obtained from Google Scholar and PubMed. Of the 251 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results indicate that xanthorrhizol exhibits stronger and broader antimicrobial activity, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 16 µg/mL, inhibition zones of 12–14 mm, and inhibition rates exceeding 90% against Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. In contrast, curcuminoid shows variable activity (inhibition zones of 0–16 mm) and its effectiveness increases after photodynamic activation (Photodynamic Therapy, PDT) through the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). In conclusion, xanthorrhizol is more promising as a primary natural antimicrobial agent, while curcuminoid serves as a complementary compound to enhance antimicrobial effectiveness.
Mechanisms of Substance Transport Across the Cell Membrane: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport Abbas, Azizah Amalia; Rahmadani, Lutfitri; Sepe, Fransiska Petronela; Leta, Yohanes Mari Ba'i; Wae, Veronika P. Sinta Mbia
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.10979

Abstract

The cell membrane is a semipermeable structure that regulates substance exchange between intracellular and extracellular environments, maintains cellular homeostasis, and supports metabolic processes, yet the fundamental mechanisms of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport are still frequently misunderstood in both theoretical and educational contexts. This study aims to comprehensively review substance transport mechanisms across the cell membrane and their relevance to biology education and contemporary cellular research. This research employed a narrative literature review, analyzing scientific books and peer-reviewed journal articles published within the last five to ten years, selected from databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and MDPI based on topic relevance. The results indicate that diffusion facilitates molecular movement along concentration gradients either directly or through transport proteins; osmosis regulates water balance through semipermeable membranes mediated by aquaporins; and active transport enables the movement of ions and molecules against concentration gradients through ATP-dependent pumps, secondary transporters, ABC transporters, and V-ATPase. These mechanisms are interconnected and influenced by membrane composition, molecular characteristics, and transporter–substrate interactions. This review highlights the importance of an integrative understanding of membrane transport processes to strengthen conceptual learning in biology education and to support advancements in cellular and biomedical research.
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation of Kelep River Watershed in West Lombok Regency Soumena, Welmy; Sjah, Taslim; Budastra, I Ketut
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.10994

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kelep River Watershed (DAS) rehabilitation based on biophysical indicators, including changes in vegetation cover, growth success rate, and erosion dynamics. The research approach used a mixed methods with a Before After Control Impact (BACI) design. Quantitative data were analyzed using NDVI values, the USLE erosion model, and the R/C ratio, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). The results showed an increase in vegetation cover, indicated by an increase in NDVI values of 0.12–0.25, which contributed to a 57% reduction in erosion rates in the upstream area. Increased soil organic matter content increased infiltration and supported agroforestry productivity. Economically, the R/C ratio reached 1.67, indicating the financial viability of post-rehabilitation agriculture. Watershed rehabilitation needs to be strengthened through soil and water conservation in erosion-prone zones, regular NDVI-based monitoring, the development of multi-strata agroforestry conservation agribusiness with economic incentives, and strengthening the role of local institutions through technical support, access to capital, and monitoring of IPPKH compliance.
Herbivory-induced Defense Responses in Brassicaceae: Implication on Secondary Metabolites Enrichment and Diversification - A Comprehensive Review Putri, Suci Indah; Delfi, Shyla Aulia; Santoso, Putra; Rahayu, Resti; Idris, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11004

Abstract

Plants of the Brassicaceae family display a highly complex and adaptive chemical defense system against biotic stresses, particularly herbivore attack. These defense mechanisms are physiologically based on the biosynthesis and activation of secondary metabolites, mainly glucosinolates, which are converted into toxic compounds such as isothiocyanates by the enzyme myrosinase upon tissue damage. This response is not only local, but also systemic, involving cross-interactions between roots and leaves, and is modulated by the hormones jasmonate (JA), salicylate (SA), and ethylene (ET). These complex interactions form a plant defense system that can be explicitly induced depending on the type and sequence of herbivore attack. In addition, molecular adaptation strategies, such as MYB gene expression, and engineering technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, have opened up opportunities to improve plant resistance. This study aims to analyze the physiological dynamics of Brassicaceae defense mechanisms, evaluate the role of hormonal and genetic regulation in enhancing plant resistance, and address the critical challenges posed by specialist herbivore adaptations and the socio-environmental implications of genetic engineering. By synthesizing these elements, this article presents a comprehensive review of the potential of these defense systems in advancing sustainable agriculture and promoting human health.
The Relationship Between Stunting and Decrease in Cognitive Ability: A Literature Review Adnyani, I Gusti Ayu Putu Widi; Pasek, Made Suadnyani; Wahyuni, Ni Putu Dewi Sri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11005

Abstract

Chronic nutritional inadequacy causes stunting, which affects children's physical appearance and mental development, particularly in the first 1,000 days of life. This research used narrative synthesis to evaluate literature. Google Scholar was searched for 2020–2025 literature on stunting influence on cognitive development in children. Original research papers (excluding reviews) with a citation count ≥50 and first five pages of search results were considered for inclusion. Nine articles were chosen for final analysis after reviewing titles and abstracts for relevance and eligibility. The synthesis found persistent links between early-life stunting and worse memory, language, numeracy, and literacy scores. These relationships remained substantial after adjusting for environmental and socioeconomic characteristics. Stunting impairs brain development by disrupting neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and myelination owing to nutritional deficits in early growth. The data confirm that stunting affects long-term intellectual capacity as well as physical development. This review enhances scientific knowledge of neurocognitive pathways influenced by early-life undernutrition and emphasizes the need for early dietary therapies to avoid permanent brain impairment. This study highlights the need for integrated strategies that combine nutritional and cognitive stimulation interventions in child health programs, while also identifying future directions for research on evidence-based early development policies.        
Physical Quality of Banana Stem and Indigofera sp Mixture Fermented Using MA-11 at Different Doses Istiana, Amanda; Sukaryani, Sri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11027

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of MA-11 on the physical quality, pH, and dry weight of a fermented mixture of banana pseudostem and Indigofera forage with molasses addition. Fermentation was applied as a method to improve the utilization of local feed resources with low physical quality. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of P0: banana pseudostem + Indigofera forage + molasses (control), P1: banana pseudostem + Indigofera forage + molasses + 1 cc MA-11, and P2: banana pseudostem + Indigofera forage + molasses + 2 cc MA-11. Fermentation was carried out for 12 days. The observed variables included physical quality (color, aroma, and texture), pH value, and dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that MA-11 supplementation significantly improved the physical quality of the fermented mixture, as indicated by higher scores for color, aroma, and texture compared to the control. In addition, MA-11 significantly reduced the pH value of the fermented product. However, the application of MA-11 had no significant effect on dry weight. It can be concluded that the fermentation of banana pseudostem and Indigofera forage using MA-11 effectively improved physical quality and fermentation characteristics, although it did not affect dry weight.
Antifungal Activity of Methanol Extract of Mikania micrantha Kunth. Leaves Against Malassezia furfur Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Nurmeiti, Evi; Wulandari Rousdy, Diah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11042

Abstract

West Kalimantan experiences a tropical climate characterized by elevated humidity, which creates an environment conducive to the proliferation of Pityriasis versicolor due to Malassezia furfur. Plants with medicinal properties that include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and quinones, such as sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.), represent promising sources of antifungal compounds. This research sought to assess the antifungal efficacy of the methanol extract from sembung rambat leaves against Malassezia furfur in a laboratory setting and to identify its minimum inhibitory concentration. The disc diffusion technique was employed with extract concentrations of 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. Ketoconazole at 2% acted as the positive control, while sterile distilled water was utilized as the negative control. The diameters of the inhibition zones were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, accompanied by Duncan's multiple range test. The findings indicated that all concentrations of the extract successfully suppressed the growth of Malassezia furfur. The minimum inhibitory concentration was established at 20%, resulting in an inhibition zone measuring 0.48 cm in diameter after 48 hours of incubation. The methanol extract of sembung rambat leaves displayed a fungistatic action against Malassezia furfur in vitro.  
Assessing Indonesia’s Social Forestry Achievements within the Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (ENDC) Framework Maulana, Bangkit; Sjah, Taslim; Budastra, Ketut
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11060

Abstract

Global climate change demands concrete commitment from every country to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Indonesia established Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution with emission reduction targets of 31.89% unconditionally and 43.20% conditionally by 2030, with Forest and Other Land Use sector as key to achieving Net Sink 2030. Social Forestry program plays strategic role but faces complex challenges related to community capacity, institutional coordination, and regulatory alignment. This study analyzes position and contribution of Social Forestry toward Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution achievement using Systematic Literature Review of 25 publications from 2020-2025. Secondary data from policy documents and official reports were analyzed using DPSIR Framework approach. Results show Social Forestry program until 2024 covers 8.02 million hectares of 12.7 million hectares target with carbon stock reaching 110.5 million tons CO2eq and potential contribution of 34.6% toward forestry sector emission reduction target. Program successfully reduced deforestation rate to lowest level in 20 years at 115,459 hectares in 2019-2020. Main challenges include limited community capacity, excessive administrative burden, weak coordination, and regulatory misalignment. Optimization requires capacity strengthening, procedure simplification, effective coordination, regulatory synchronization, and integration with carbon economic value schemes to achieve Forest and Other Land Use Net Sink 2030.
Comparison of Two Commercial Concentrates on Carcass Percentage and Internal Organs of Broiler Chickens Firmansyah, Bagas Fajar; Sukaryani, Sri
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11088

Abstract

Commercial concentrates have different nutrient formulations, which may potentially affect body tissue growth and the development of internal organs in broiler chickens, ultimately influencing the percentage of carcass parts and internal organs. This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding two different types of commercial concentrates on the percentage of carcass parts and internal organs of broiler chickens. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design with a one-way pattern consisting of three treatments and four replications. The treatments were P1: 100% commercial concentrate A; P2: 100% commercial concentrate B; and P3: 50% commercial concentrate A + 50% commercial concentrate B. The observed variables included the percentages of thigh, wing, and breast parts, as well as the percentages of heart, gizzard, and liver. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when significant differences were detected, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was applied. The results showed that the percentages of breast and thigh parts among P1, P2, and P3 did not differ significantly; however, the percentage of wing parts in P1 was significantly lower than in P2 and P3. The percentages of heart and liver in P1, P2, and P3 did not show significant differences, whereas the gizzard percentage in P1 was significantly different compared to P3. It can be concluded that feeding two different types of commercial concentrates significantly affected the percentages of wing and gizzard parts but did not significantly affect the percentages of breast, thigh, heart, and liver.
Analysis of The Profitability of Traditional Tuna Processing (Boiling) Businesses in Mataram City Aprilina, Anggun Rizki Siami; Junaidi, Muhammad; Noviyanti, Rinda
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11140

Abstract

One of the leading fisheries products in Mataram City is boiled skipjack tuna (pindang ikan tongkol). This study aims to identify the potential and procurement of raw materials for boiled skipjack tuna processing in Mataram City and to analyze the financial feasibility (business profitability) as well as the development strategies of traditional boiled skipjack tuna processing enterprises. Data were collected using a descriptive quantitative approach through surveys, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis employed business feasibility analysis, including profitability, R/C ratio, ROI, and Payback Period (PBP), as well as SWOT analysis. The results indicate that traditional boiled skipjack tuna processing enterprises in Mataram City have considerable potential and promising sustainability prospects. The procurement of skipjack tuna raw materials is sourced from local fishermen, surrounding areas, and the availability of cold storage facilities, which play a crucial role in maintaining production continuity. The boiled skipjack tuna processing business in Mataram City is proven to be feasible and profitable for further development. This is reflected in the average annual profit, which reaches IDR 47,964,060 for micro-scale enterprises and IDR 141,405,000 for small-scale enterprises. The R/C ratio is 1.06 for micro-scale enterprises and 1.04 for small-scale enterprises. The ROI values are 28% for micro-scale enterprises and 21% for small-scale enterprises, with a very short Payback Period of 14–18 days. The business development strategy places boiled skipjack tuna processing enterprises in a strategic position that enables the implementation of aggressive strategies through the optimization of internal strengths and the utilization of external opportunities to enhance competitiveness and business sustainability.

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