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Menara Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
ISSN : 01259318     EISSN : 18583768     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Menara Perkebunan as a communication medium for research in estate crops published articles covering original research result on the pre- and post-harvest biotechnology of estate crops. The contents of the articles should be directed for solving the problems of production and/or processing of estate crops of smallholder, private plantations and state-owned estates, based on the three dedications of plantation. Analyses of innovative research methods and techniques in biotechnology, which are important for advancing agricultural research. Critical scientific reviews of research result in agricultural and estate biotechnology.
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022" : 8 Documents clear
Potensi electronic nose 118 untuk mendeteksi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Tri PANJI; Wita KIMBERLY; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Priyono PRIYONO; Chotimah CHOTIMAH; Kuwat TRIYANA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.472

Abstract

AbstractBasal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma sp. is a major disease in oil palm. One of the keys to successfully control BSR disease is to detect the pathogenic infections as early as possible. Early detection technique has been developed in this study was using volatile compounds sensors known as an electronic nose, specifically Electronic Nose 118. Plant samples were obtained from roots, stems, leaves, and soils of four plant categories, which were midly, moderately, and severely infected by Ganoderma, and healthy plants. The test results showed that Electronic Nose was able to record the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by Ganoderma sp. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) results showed that the root and stem samples were differentiated in fairly high level of discrimination with values of 89.66% and 94.59% respectively, while for internal validation value were 98.18% and 89.18%. However, for leaf and soil samples, Electronic Nose 118 resulted in low discriminations. The test results show that Electronic Nose 118 can distinguish samples of roots and stems of healthy plant and Ganoderma-infected plant with a high accuracy.[Keywords: Ganoderma, linier discriminant analysis (LDA), pathogen infection, sensor, volatile organic compound] AbstrakPenyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma sp. merupakan  penyakit utama pada kelapa sawit. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit BPB adalah diketahuinya infeksi patogen sedini mungkin. Teknik deteksi dini yang saat ini dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan sensor senyawa volatil yang dikenal dengan electronic nose, khususnya Electronic Nose 118. Sampel tanaman diperoleh dari akar, batang, daun, dan tanah dari empat kondisi tanaman, yaitu tanaman yang terinfeksi Ganoderma ringan, sedang, berat dan tanaman sehat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa profil senyawa organik volatil yang dihasilkan oleh infeksi Ganoderma sp. dapat ditangkap oleh Electronic Nose 118 dengan baik. Hasil analisis Linear Discriminat Analysis (LDA) menunjukkan bahwa sampel akar dan batang terbedakan dengan tingkat diskriminasi yang cukup tinggi dengan nilai secara berurutan yaitu 89,66% dan 94,59%, sedangkan untuk validasi internal masing-masing 98,18% dan 89,18%. Namun demikian, untuk sampel daun dan tanah, pengujian dengan Electronic Nose 118 menghasilkan tingkat diskriminasi yang rendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan Electronic Nose 118 dapat membedakan sampel akar dan batang dari tanaman sehat dan tanaman terserang Ganoderma dengan akurasi tinggi.[Kata kunci : Ganoderma, LDA, infeksi patogen, sensor, senyawa organik volatil]
Uji molecular docking dan bioinformatika terhadap meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) sebagai antivirus SARS-CoV-2 dan antikanker serviks Nuha Haifa ARIFIN; Rifki FEBRIANSAH
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.477

Abstract

Abstract     The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a virus that emerged in late 2019 and has yet to find a cure. On the other hand, the incidence of cervical cancer in women continues to increase along with the emergence of cases of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. Based on WHO data in 2020 stated that there were 107 per 72,314 cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a herbaceous plant in Indonesia that has secondary metabolites derived from the tannin group, such as corilagin. This compound has the potential to be developed as an antiviral and anticancer agent. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the potential of corilagin in meniran herbs to act as an antiviral SARS-CoV-2 and cervical anticancer compared to the drug compounds molnupiravir and paclitaxel through the STITCH & STRING bioinformatics in silico test and molecular docking method. The results of the bioinformatics test of corilagin against the SARS-CoV-2 virus showed predictions of high protein binding to AGTR2 and ENPEP with a docking score of -10.9 and -9.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Meanwhile, cervical cancer cells showed the highest predicted protein binding to IL-10 and MAPK3 with a docking score of -10.5 and -10.8 kcal/mol. The docking score of molnupiravir against the COVID-19 virus protein, AGTR2, and ENPEP were -7.4 and -7.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The docking scores of paclitaxel for IL10 and MAPK3 were -8.2 and -8.9 kcal/mol, respectively. These values indicate that the activity of corilagin with proteins AGTR2, ENPEP, IL10, and MAPK3 has stronger affinity energy than the comparison drugs molnupiravir and paclitaxel. Thus, the corilagin compound from the tannin group in meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) has the potential to be developed and formulated as a treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and cervical anticancer.[Keywords: corilagin, cervical cancer, Phyllanthus niruri L., SARS-CoV-2] Abstrak      Virus SARS-CoV-2 merupakan virus yang muncul di akhir tahun 2019 dan belum ditemukan pengobatannya. Di sisi lain, terjadinya kasus kanker serviks pada wanita masih terus meningkat beriringan dengan munculnya kasus COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Berdasarkan data studi WHO tahun 2020 menyatakan bahwa terdapat 107 per 72.314 pasien kanker yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) merupakan tanaman herba di Indonesia yang memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berasal dari golongan tannin seperti corilagin. Senyawa ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen antivirus dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi corilagin yang terkandung pada herba meniran sebagai antivirus SARS-CoV-2 dan antikanker serviks yang dibandingkan dengan senyawa obat molnupiravir dan paclitaxel melalui uji in silico bioinformatika STITCH & STRING serta metode molecular docking. Hasil uji bioinformatika corilagin terhadap virus SARS-CoV-2 menunjukkan prediksi pengikatan protein yang tinggi pada AGTR2 dan ENPEP dengan docking score -10,9 dan -9,9 kcal/mol. Sedangkan pada sel kanker serviks menunjukkan prediksi pengikatan protein tertinggi pada IL-10 dan MAPK3 dengan docking score -10,5 dan -10,8 kcal/mol. Docking score molnupiravir terhadap protein virus Covid-19, AGTR2 dan ENPEP adalah -7,4 dan -7,2 kcal/mol. Docking score paclitaxel terhadap IL10 dan MAPK3 adalah -8,2 dan -8,9 kcal/mol. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan aktivitas corilagin dengan protein AGTR2, ENPEP, IL10, dan MAPK3 memiliki energi afinitas yang lebih kuat dibandingkan senyawa obat pembanding molnupiravir dan paclitaxel. Sehingga, senyawa corilagin dari golongan tannin pada meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dan diformulasikan sebagai pengobatan serta pencegahan antivirus SARS-CoV-2 dan antikanker serviks.[Kata kunci:   corilagin, kanker serviks, Phyllanthus niruri L., SARS-CoV-2]
Pengaruh kombinasi kitosan soluble liquid dan pestisida sintetik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen cabai keriting di Nganjuk Ciptadi Achmad YUSUP; Sri WAHYUNI; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Priyono PRIYONO; Siswanto SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.481

Abstract

Chitosan has the potential as a biostimulant also as an antagonistic agent due to its antimicrobial activity. These dual benefits were the superiority of chitosan and potentially to be developed further. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soluble liquid (SL) chitosan on the growth and yield of curly chili. The variety of curly chili used was Kribo with three treatments examined i.e. the application of single chitosan SL (P1), the combination of chitosan SL and synthetic pesticide (P2), and the conventional application of synthetic pesticide that considered as control (K). Each treatment was replicated four times. The application of chitosan SL was conducted at 21, 42, and 63 days after planting (DAP), while the application of synthetic pesticide was conducted depending on the field conditions. The plant parameters observed were canopy width, plant height, leaf color, and number, and weight of fruits. The observation results were analyzed using table of variance. The results showed that the application of chitosan SL increased the canopy width by 16.3% and plant height by 11.5% compared to control at 99 DAP. The number of fruits per plant also increased by 123% on P1 and 20% on P2 treatment. The fruit weight was also increased by 42.6% on P2 and 18% on P1 treatment. The conversion result showed that single chitosan SL application was able to increase the yield of curly chili per hectare up to 163%, while the combination of chitosan SL and synthetic pesticide resulted in 71% increase in curly chili yield compared to the control.[Keywords: antagonistic agent, biostimulant, chili var. Kribo, production, soluble liquid] Abstrakmikroba. Kedua manfaat ini yang menjadi keunggulan kitosan dan berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi kitosan soluble liquid (SL) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen tanaman cabai keriting. Varietas cabai keriting yang digunakan adalah Kribo dengan tiga perlakuan yang diuji, yakni aplikasi kitosan SL tunggal (P1), kombinasi kitosan SL dengan pestisida sintetik (P2) dan aplikasi pestisida sintetik secara konvensional sebagai kontrol (K). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang empat kali. Aplikasi kitosan SL dilakukan pada umur tanaman 21, 42 dan 63 hari setelah tanam (HST), sedangkan aplikasi pestisida sintetik dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi di lapangan.  Parameter tanaman yang diamati antara lain lebar kanopi, tinggi tanaman, warna daun, serta jumlah, dan berat buah. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan tabel sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kitosan SL mampu meningkatkan lebar kanopi dan tinggi tanaman sebesar 16,3% dan 11,5% terhadap kontrol pada umur tanaman 99 HST. Jumlah buah per tanaman juga mengalami kenaikan sebesar 123% pada perlakuan P1 dan 20% pada perlakuan P2. Berat per buah mengalami kenaikan sebesar 42,6% pada perlakuan P2 dan 18% pada perlakuan P1. Hasil konversi menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kitosan SL tunggal mampu meningkatkan produksi cabai keriting per hektar hingga 163%, sedangkan aplikasi kombinasi kitosan SL dan pestisida sintetik meningkatkan produksi sebesar 71% dibandingkan kontrol.[Kata kunci:  agen antagonis, biostimulan, cabai var. Kribo, produksi, soluble liquid]
Aplikasi metabolit sekunder dari tiga isolat Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada daun kakao Fitrianti FITRIANTI; Loekas - SOESANTO; Endang MUGIASTUTI; Murti Wisnu Ragil SASTYAWAN; Abdul MANAN
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.483

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides is an important disease in cocoa. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of secondary metabolites derived from three isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens to control cocoa leaves anthracnose, and their influence on the growth of cocoa plants. The research was conducted at a smallholder cocoa plantation in Putat Village, Patuk District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta for four months. A randomized block design was used with four replicates and seven treatments consisted of control, application of secondary metabolites from P. fluorescens P60, P. fluorescens P20, P. fluorescens P8, combination P. fluorescens P60 + P20, P. fluorescens P60 + P8, and P. fluorescens P20 + P8. Variables observed were disease intensity, infection rate, number of healthy shoots and qualitative phenolic compound. Resultsof the research showed that the secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60, P20 and P8 alone or in combination  suppressed the disease intensity by42.01-54.50%. The infection rate caused by metabolite secondary of P. fluorescens P60, P20, P8, P. fluorescens P60+P20, P. fluorescens P60+P8,and P. fluorescens P20+P8 was 0.23; 0.25; 0.26; 0.26; 0.31; and 0.24 units/day, respectively. The secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 increased the number of healthy shoots by 67.44 %. The secondary metabolites of P. fluorescens P60 increased phenolic compounds (tannin, saponin, and glycosides) in cocoa leaves.[Keyword: leaves anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, cocoa, secondary metabolites, Pseudomonas fluorescens] AbstrakAntraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum gloeosporioides merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman kakao. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji keefektifan metabolit sekunder dari tiga isolat Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk mengendalikan penyakit antraknosa pada daun kakao, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kakao. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perkebunan kakao rakyat, Desa Putat, Kecamatan Patuk, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta selama empat bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok untuk menguji 7 perlakuan yang diulang 4 kali, perlakuan yang diuji adalah kontrol, aplikasi metabolit sekunder P. fluorescens P60, P. fluorescens P20, P. fluorescens P8, kombinasi P. fluorescens P60+P20, P. fluorescens P60+P8, dan P. fluorescens P20+P8. Variabel pengamatan meliputi intensitas penyakit, laju infeksi, jumlah tunas sehat, dan kandungan senyawa fenol secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan metabolit sekunder P. fluorescens P60, P20, dan P8 secara tunggal dan gabungan mampu menekan intensitas penyakit berkisar 42,01-54,50%. Laju infeksi perlakuan metabolit sekunder P. fluorescens P60, P. fluorescens P20, P. fluorescens P8, kombinasi P. fluorescens P60+P20, P. fluorescens P60+P8 dan P. fluorescens P20+P8 berturut-turut 0,23; 0,25; 0,26; 0,26; 0,31; dan 0,24 unit/hari. Metabolit sekunder P. fluorescens P60 meningkatkan jumlah tunas sehat sebesar 67,44%. Perlakuan P. fluorescens P60 meningkatkan senyawa fenol (saponin, tanin, dan glikosida) pada daun kakao.[Kata kunci: antraknosa daun, Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, kakao, metabolit sekunder, Pseudomonas fluorescens]
Techno-economic evaluation of integrated levulinic acid, formic acid, and furfural plant from oil palm empty fruit bunch with pre-treatment variations Denia Apriliani RAHMAN; Andre Fahriz Perdana HARAHAP; Misri A GOZAN
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.485

Abstract

AbstractLevulinic acid, a platform biochemical, might be utilized as a biodiesel additive in biodiesel production. Global demand for levulinic acids was 3,820 tons in 2020, while the roadmap target of biodiesel in Indonesia will reach 20% of diesel consumption in 2016-2025. These figures become the considerations for establishing the levulinic acid plant in Indonesia. The study's focus analyzed the economic viability of integrated levulinic acid production plant design based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) in Indonesia. OPEFB was selected as raw material due to the enormous solid waste generated by oil palm plantations. In the plant design, software SuperPro Designer 9.0's used as a process tool simulator. The economic analysis showed the Net Present Value (NPV) as the US $ 548,850,764, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 24.75%, and a payback period (PBP) estimated within six years with a Minimum Attractive Rate Return (MARR) of 6.1%. The optimal production capacities of levulinic acid, furfural, and formic acid are 12,425; 15,105 and 6,074 tonnes/year.[Keywords: cellulose, delignification, levulinic acid, OPEFB, simulation] AbstrakAsam levulinat, sebuah platform biokimia, dapat digunakan sebagai aditif biodiesel dalam produksi biodiesel. Permintaan global asam levulinat mencapai 3.820 ton pada 2020, sedangkan roadmap target biodiesel di Indonesia mencapai 20% dari konsumsi solar pada 2016-2025. Angka-angka ini menjadi pertimbangan untuk mendirikan pabrik asam levulinat di Indonesia. Fokus penelitian menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi rancangan pabrik produksi asam levulinat terpadu berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) di Indonesia. TKKS dipilih sebagai bahan baku karena limbah padat yang dihasilkan perkebunan kelapa sawit sangat besar. Dalam perancangan pabrik, software SuperPro Designer 9.0 digunakan sebagai alat simulator proses. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar US$ 548.850.764, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 24,75%, dan payback period (PBP) diperkirakan dalam enam tahun dengan Minimum Attractive Rate Return (MARR) 6,1%. Kapasitas produksi optimal asam levulinat, furfural dan asam format masing-masing adalah 12.425; 15.105 dan 6.074 ton/tahun.[Kata kunci: selulosa, delignifikasi, asam levulinat, TKKS, simulasi] 
The in silico study of the COBRA gene family in sugarcane related to potential biomass content Riza Arief PUTRANTO; Galuh Wening PERMATASARI; Rizka Tamania SAPTARI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.486

Abstract

AbstractSugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is potential as a biofuel and biomaterial source for its high cellulose content. Cellulose is the main constituent of the plant cell wall, as a linear chain arranged in a polysaccharide bundle, called cellulose microfibril. A gene named COBRA has been revealed to play role in the orientation of microfibril and cellulose crystallization. The COBRA gene in the Saccharum spp is under-explored. Therefore, the in silico study was conducted to explore the COBRA gene in Saccharum sp. By comparative genomics methods, the COBRA genes from Arabidopsis sp. (AtCOBLs) were compared to the Saccharum sp. (SoCOBLs). The conserved domain was then identified and the cluster system was constructed under a phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, each SoCOBLs protein was modelled to analyze its structure. According to the analysis, eleven of Saccharum sp. genomic scaffolds were successfully identified. Moreover, conserved domain identification resulted in nine SoCOBLs proteins. The phylogenetic tree showed two main clusters: I and II, differentiating those COBLs families based on the protein sequence, domain motif and amino acid properties. It leads to the variation of SoCOBLs protein structure as the results of the amino acid properties. Overall, the COBRA gene has been identified genomically in Saccharum sp. Yet, the function and tissue-specific expression are still unclear. It was predicted to act as the regulator of microfibril orientation and the cellulose synthesis process. Hence, further analyses by in vitro and in vivo are indispensable.[Keywords: cellulose, comparative genomic, Saccharum sp.]AbstrakTanaman tebu (Saccharum sp.) berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan bakar nabati dan biomaterial karena kandungan selulosanya yang tinggi. Selulosa merupakan komponen utama penyusun dinding sel tanaman, sebagai rantai lurus yang tersusun dalam gugusan polisakarida, yang disebut mikrofibril selulosa. Sebuah gen bernama COBRA telah diketahui berperan dalam menentukan arah mikrofibril dan kristalisasi selulosa. Gen COBRA pada spesies Saccharum spp. belum banyak dipelajari. Oleh karena itu, kajian in silico dilakukan untuk mempelajari gen COBRA pada Saccharum sp. Melalui metode perbandingan genomika, gen COBRA dari Arabidopsis sp. (AtCOBLs) dibandingkan dengan gen COBRA dari Saccharum sp. (SoCOBLs). Domain conserve pada gen kemudian diidentifikasi dan sistem klaster disusun dalam sebuah pohon filogeni. Setelah itu, dibuat model untuk menganalisis struktur dari protein SoCOBL. Dari hasil analisis, sebelas perancah genom Saccharum sp. berhasil diidentifikasi. Kemudian, identifikasi daerah lestari menghasilkan sembilan protein SoCOBL. Pohon filogeni menggambarkan dua klaster utama: I dan II, yang membedakan famili SoCOBLs tersebut berdasarkan sekuens protein, motif domain, dan karakteristik asam amino. Karakteristik asam amino menyebabkan variasi pada struktur protein-protein SoCOBL. Secara umum, gen COBRA telah teridentifikasi pada Saccharum sp., meskipun fungsi dan ekspresi spesifiknya pada jaringan masih belum diketahui. Diperkirakan gen tersebut berperan sebagai pengatur arah mikrofibril dan proses sintesis selulosa. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya analisis lebih lanjut pada level in vitro dan in vivo.[Kata kunci: selulosa, genomika komparatif, Saccharum sp.] 
Keragaan vegetatif dan generatif pada fase pembungaan awal kelapa Genjah kopyor asal kultur embrio di Bogor, Jawa Barat Muhammad Eko Riyo Bayu PRASETYO; Imron RIYADI; Sumaryono SUMARYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.492

Abstract

The performance of kopyor Dwarf coconuts from embryo culture in the field has not been reported. This study was conducted to determine the difference in vegetative and generative performances of three fruit color phenotypes (brown, green, and yellow) of kopyor Dwarf coconuts in the first year after the first flower appeared. The coconuts were planted in Bogor, West Java at 260 masl with average temperature 26.9 ºC and average rainfall 4,300 mm/year. Each  color phenotype was represented by 20 kopyor coconut trees from the same planting date that had not been flowering yet. When the first flowers appeared, Kopyor Brown Dwarf (KBD) had 14.6 fronds, while Kopyor Yellow Dwarf (KYD) and Kopyor Green Dwarf (KGD) had 15.5 and 17.1 fronds respectively. Other vegetative components when the first flower appeared were not significantly difference among the three color phenotypes such as stem girth (90.7-99.2 cm), stem height (18.6-23.9 cm), frond length (3.9-4.2 m) and canopy diameter (5.8-6.1 m). KBD coconuts started flowering faster than that of KGD and KYD. The numbers of flowers formed in the first year of flowering were 15 to 17 flowers per tree. There was an initial sharp decrease in the survival of young fruits, but this levelled off after 2-3 months. On average 18-22 fruits per bunch at flowering decreased to 5-6 fruits per bunch at maturity. The survival of fruits in KGD (6.2 fruits per bunch) was higher than KBD (4.0 fruits) and KYD (4.5 fruits) at 11 months after flowering. The average fruit size and weight of brown phenotype were higher than green and yellow phenotypes. The mature brown fruits had a lower husk percentage, but higher shell and fruit meat percentages than those of the green and yellow fruits.[Keywords: fruit color phenotype, kopyor Dwarf coconut, fruit abortion, fruit quality] AbstrakKeragaan kelapa Genjah kopyor asal kultur embrio di lapang belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati perbedaan keragaan vegetatif dan generatif tiga varietas kelapa Genjah kopyor yang berbeda dari warna buah (coklat, hijau dan kuning) pada tahun pertama sejak bunga pertama muncul. Kelapa tersebut ditanam di Bogor, Jawa Barat pada 260 mdpl dengan rerata suhu 26,9 ºC dan curah hujan 4.300 mm/tahun. Tiap fenotipe warna diwakili oleh 20 pohon kelapa kopyor berumur sama yang belum berbunga. Pada saat bunga pertama muncul, kelapa Genjah Coklat Kopyor (GCK) memiliki 14,6 pelepah daun, sedangkan Genjah Kuning Kopyor (GKK) dan Genjah Hijau Kopyor (GHK) berturut-turut memiliki 15,5 dan 17,1 pelepah. Parameter vegetatif lain ketika bunga pertama muncul tidak berbeda nyata antar fenotipe warna misalnya lingkar batang (90,7-99,2 cm), tinggi batang (18,6-23,9 cm), panjang pelepah (3,9-4,2 m) dan diameter tajuk (5,8-6,1 m). GCK mulai berbunga lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan GHK dan GKK. Jumlah bunga yang terbentuk selama satu tahun pertama pembungaan adalah 15 sampai 17 bunga per pohon. Jumlah buah muda yang bertahan hidup menurun tajam pada awal, namun relatif stabil setelah              2-3 bulan. Rata-rata terbentuk sebanyak 18-22 buah per tandan pada awal pembungaan dan menurun menjadi 5-6 buah per tandan saat dewasa. Buah yang bertahan hidup pada GHK (6,2 buah per tandan) lebih tinggi dibanding GCK (4,0 buah) dan GKK (4,5 buah) pada umur 11 bulan setelah bunga mekar. Rata-rata ukuran dan bobot buah fenotipe coklat lebih tinggi daripada fenotipe hijau dan kuning. Buah kelapa GCK mempunyai persentase sabut yang lebih rendah, tetapi persentase tempurung dan daging buah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan buah kelapa GHK dan GKK.[Kata kunci: fenotipe warna buah, kelapa Genjah kopyor, kerontokan buah, kualitas buah]
Application of silica solubilizing bacteria increases water efficiency in maize Indah Puspita SARI; Yulin LESTARI; HAMIM HAMIM; Laksmita Prima SANTI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.493

Abstract

Abstract Global climate change will result in decreased rainfall and increased evaporation. Thus, it is estimated that the frequency and severity of drought stress will get worse. Silica increases plant drought resistance by improving water use efficiency in plants. Despite its abundant availability in soil, most silica sources are not available to plants due to their low solubility. Silica solubilizing bacteria (SSB) have an important role in increasing the available silica. This study aims to observe the silica solubilizing activity of three SSB isolates collections of PPBBI on insoluble silica sources, including magnesium trisilicate, quartz, and feldspar, and see their effects on increasing water use efficiency in corn plants via drought experiments. SSB activity was measured using the modified standard method of 4500-SiO2 D Heteropoly blue. Drought control in the greenhouse follows the Snow and Tingey system. The experimental design used a completely randomized design factorial with irrigation conditions and SSB species as variables. Water use efficiency is measured in real-time with a sap flow meter. The results showed that SSB Pseudomonas fluorescens-B41 had the highest silica dissolving activity 81.93 ppm on Mg-trisilicate. The application of SSB can reduce maize transpiration rate and increase water use efficiency up to 84% under moderate drought stress and 46% under normal irrigation, but in severe drought stress, where the nutrient solution was maintained at 25 cm from plant root, water use efficiency was not significant. This is suspected due to the extreme drought conditions in the potting soil so that the applied SSB cannot maintain its activities.[Keywords: aquaporin, drought stress, Snow and Tingey system, SSB, quartz]AbstrakPerubahan iklim global mengakibatkan penurunan curah hujan dan peningkatan evaporasi, sehingga diperkirakan frekuensi dan tingkat keparahan cekaman kekeringan akan semakin tinggi. Silika (Si) diketahui dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap kekeringan dengan cara memperbaiki efisiensi penggunaan air pada tanaman. Meskipun ketersediaanya berlimpah di tanah, sebagian besar Si dalam bentuk yang tidak tersedia bagi tanaman, karena sifat kelarutannya yang rendah. Untuk meningkatkan silika tersedia bagi tanaman, bakteri pelarut silika (BPS) memiliki peranan yang penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas pelarutan silika dari tiga koleksi isolat BPS Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia (PPBBI) pada sumber silika tidak larut berupa magnesium trisilikat, kuarsa, dan feldspar, serta melihat pengaruh aplikasi BPS terhadap efisiensi penggunaan air pada tanaman jagung yang diberi perlakuan cekaman kekeringan. Aktivitas pelarutan silika diukur menggunakan modifikasi metode standar 4500-SiO2 D Heteropoly blue. Pengendalian kekeringan di rumah kaca mengadaptasi sistem Snow dan Tingey. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan kondisi kekeringan dan jenis bakteri BPS sebagai peubah bebas. Efisiensi penggunaan air diukur secara real time dengan sap flow meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BPS dengan kode Pseudomonas fluorescens-B.41 memiliki aktivitas pelarutan silika tertinggi pada susbtrat Mg-trisilika yaitu 81,93 ppm. Aplikasi BPS menurunkan laju transpirasi jagung dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air hingga 84% pada cekaman kekeringan sedang dan 46% pada irigasi normal, namun pada cekaman kekeringan parah, dimana larutan hara dipertahankan pada jarak 25 cm dari sistem perakaran efisiensi penggunaan air tidak signifikan. Diduga hal ini disebabkan kondisi kekeringan pada media tanam terlalu ekstrim sehingga BPS yang diaplikasi tidak dapat mempertahankan aktivitasnya.[Kata kunci: aquaporin, cekaman kekeringan, sistem Snow dan Tingey, BPS, kuarsa]

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