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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
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Articles 30 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]" : 30 Documents clear
KINETIC MODELING OF SERIES REACTION CH4-CH3OH-DME WITH CuO-ZnO/gamma-Al2O3 CATALYST Chumaidi, Achmad; Moentamaria, Dwina; Murdani, Anggit
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11403

Abstract

A kinetic model was proposed for the synthesis of methane to be dimethyl ether (DME) in one reaction step from (CH4 + O2) and (CH3OH) to dimethyl ether using kinetic CuO-ZnO /gAl2O3 catalyst parameters. The bifunctional catalyst of the series kinetic reaction model according to the experimental results obtained under isothermal conditions in a pipe flow reactor under various operating conditions: 225-325 ° C; 10 bar gauge; Residence time, 16-57.0 (g Catalyst) hour (mole CH4) -1. An important step for modeling is the synthesis of methanol from (CH4 + O2) and the synthesis of (CH3OH to DME) is methanol dehydration (very fast), and water-shifting and CO2 (equilibrium) reactions. The effects of water inhibition and CO2 were also taken into account in the synthesis of methanol and the formation of hydrocarbons. The dehydration advantage of methanol can achieve higher yields above 60 % methanol that was converted to DME and the remaining 5% methanol if (CH4 + O2) comes in at 10 bar gauge and 375 ° C. At higher temperatures produces CO2 and H2O. Methane-methanol-DME series reaction model follows single-order gas phase reaction to methane and methanol with k1 = 0.195 minutes-1 and k2 = 0.115 minutes-1 The time and maximum concentration occurs in the formation of methanol constituents 9.5 minutes and 0.44 mole
YELLOW CORN BISCUITS FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD: HIGH ENERGY AND BETA-CAROTENE Fathonah, Siti; Rosidah, Rosidah; Septianarta, Stella
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.9723

Abstract

Snacks which are most widely consumed by early childhood are biscuits. The conventional raw ingredients of biscuits are varied with yellow corn starch, which contains beta-carotene. The composition of yellow corn biscuit consists of 50% yellow corn starch, 40% wheat flour, and 10% cornstarch, and butter. The use of butter was varied in 25%, 30%, and 35%. An analysis was conducted on its energy content, protein, fat, and beta-carotene, as well as acceptance. The results of the study showed nutrient content was not entirely different from the use of margarine 25% and 35%, the energy was 441-468 kcal, protein was 6.4 to 7.3%, fat was 18.3 to 21.7%, and beta-carotene 2,721 -4,134 mg. The energy density of corn biscuits was 3.5 - 3.9 g / 1000 kJ. Yellow corn biscuits were considered as high-energy biscuits (> 400 kcal). The organoleptic test of the biscuits in early childhood conducted on all indicators (color, aroma corn, fragrant aroma, and crispness, sweet and savory taste) showed that the biscuits were categorized as likable. The use of different percentage of margarine is not significant concerning the acceptability of biscuits, except for the aspect of the fragrance and sweetness between the use of margarine 30% to 35%. Industrial-scale production is necessary for the dissemination of the consumption of yellow corn biscuits with margarine 35%, in particular for the early childhood
THE UTILIZATION OF DURIAN’S ALBEDO FLOUR AS SUBSTITUTION OF CORNSTARCH IN THE MAKING OF ICE CREAM Grasielda, Ivana
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11413

Abstract

This research is to find out the process to make an ice cream using durian’s albedo flour. Start from to make durian albedo flour, to check content of durian’s albedo flour ice cream (pectin, protein, fat, and carbohydrate), to find out respondents’ opinion about display, color, smell, texture, and flavor of durian’s albedo ice cream, and also interests of respondents about ice cream using durian’s albedo flour. Populations of this research are spread at Wonorejo Permai Residence, Universitas Ciputra, and Bukit Darmo Boulevard. Researchers are choosing 30 random respondents as sample. There are few steps to collect the data. First, experiment method which had done three times for both of durian’s albedo flour and ice cream using durian’s albedo flour. Second, observation method, the researcher compared the result from experiments which had been done in the experiment method. Third, laboratory test, to find out the content of pectin, protein, fat, and carbohydrate from the ice cream using albedo durian flour. Fourth, organoleptic test to find out the shape, texture, flavor, and smell of ice cream using albedo durian flour. To do an organoleptic test, an ice cream will tested at laboratory, then distribute to the 30 random respondents and they will give their opinion in the questionnaires. Fifth is the descriptive statistics, where the researcher will process the questionnaire’s results. Based on the research that has been done, it concluded that durian’s albedo from the skin waste could be used as the ingredients for processed food. Moreover, based on organoleptic test with 30 respondents, shown that 96.7% of respondents interest with durian’s albedo ice cream.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SACCHARIDE SUGAR IN CORN SEED (Zea Mays Saccharata) BY USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD Asfar, Andi Muhamad Iqbal Akbar
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11416

Abstract

This study characterizes the saccharide sugar contained in whole sweet corn seeds by extracting using Ultrasound Assisted Solvent Extraction for 60 minutes with 24 kHz frequency using ethanol solvent with concentrations of 70%, 75%, 80%, and 85%. The concentrated extract was then characterized by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) method. Sample test conducted were tested to odor, color and shelf life of extract and determination of water content, ash content, and characterization of saccharide sugar from GCMS test. The odor and color test results show that the extract had a distinctive smell of sweet corn, yellow, and had the ability to store good extract in the condition of the room. The water content of each sample ranged from 3% - 9% with the lowest water content was in 85% concentration sample which was 3.62%, while the ash content ranged from 1.5% with the highest ash content which was in 85% concentration sample which was 1.59%. The results of characterization were identified by 3 compounds having the highest percentage of 2-Furaldehyde, Hexamethyl Cyclotriloxane, and 1,2,4-Trimethyl Benzene with the percentage of 26,94%, 9,95% and 13,82% respectively. 2-Furaldehyde includes heterocyclic aldehyde group sugars, whereas Hexamethyl Cyclotriloxane and 1,2,4-Trimethyl Benzene belong to the class of organosilicon and aromatic hydrocarbons. 2-Furaldehyde or Furfural serves as a tongue nerve stimulator and has great potential to be developed as an important non-petroleum-based chemical raw material. The GCMS results provide information that the obtained 2-Furaldehyde has a molecular formula C5H4O2 or C4H3OCHO which is a monosaccharide group which is aldose with the number of C atoms classified as pentose. The retention time was 3.062 minutes with a mass peak of 300 m/z with molecular weight was 96 g/mol.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND NITRATE COMPOUND ON GROWTH, BIOMASS AND FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT ON MICROALGAE CULTURE OF Spirulina sp. and Skeletonema sp. Rukminasari, Nita; Lukman, Muhammad; Tambaru, Rahmadi; Inaku, Dwi Fajriyati; Suharto, Suharto
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.8513

Abstract

Temperature and availability nutrients played an important role on growth and lipid production of microalgae.  In this study, we examined the effect of increasing suhu and excessed and depleted NO3 on growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid concentration in the Spirulina sp and Skeletonema sp. Two microalgae were culture on Conway and Milne media for 21 days using continuous culture technique.  There were four temperature treatments, such as 28oC, 30oC, 32oC and 34oC and three nutrient treatments, which were control nutrient treatment, without NO3 and  two times NO3 concentrations from control treatments with three replicates for each treatments. Results found that increasing temperature significantly affected on biomass and concentration free fatty acid, meanwhile nutrient treatments affected on growth rate, biomass and concentration of organic Carbon.  In general, increasing temperature was more affected on Spirulina sp in terms of increasing growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid concentration. However, Skeletonema sp was more responsive to  availability of NO3 in the media culture for increasing free fatty acid, and percentage of free fatty acid per dry weight.
INNOVATION TO PISANG BARLIN (MUSA ACUMINATA AA) AS THE SUBSTITUTE FLOUR Sondak, Michael Ricky; Minantyo, Hari; Winarno, Prasetyon Sepsi
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11415

Abstract

This research is used to explore local ingredients from Musa Acuminata AA. Musa Acuminata AA foodstuffs are usually used only as a raw fruit, not much processed into another food product. Food innovation that raise local potential is needed to increase local food value. This study is an experimentation research, which is uses laboratory experiments at the Food and Beverage Laboratory of Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. Data was collected from 20 respondents by using organoleptic test. There were 3 times of organoleptic test: 1). organoleptic test with whitewash immersion (code 001); 2). organoleptic test with Citroen water immersion (code 002) and 3). organoleptic test without any immersion process (code 003). Musa Acuminata AA flour tested in Research and Industry Standardization Laboratory to know about the moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fiber and potassium. The result: nutrition content code 001. Aw 0.351(25.7C); moisture 7.27%; protein 4.00%; carbohydrate 66.65%; fiber 2.79%; potassium 819.76 mg/100g. Nutrition content for code 002: Aw 0.347(25.6C); moisture 7.30%; protein 4.00%; carbohydrate 68.58%; fiber 2.00%; potassium 780.24 mg/100g. Nutrition content for code 003 Aw 0.536(25.5C); moisture 10.04%; protein 4.01%; Nutrition content for code 68.60%; fiber 1.61%; and potassium 990.18 mg/100g.
Conversion of Biomass of Bagasse to Syngas Through Downdraft Gasification Maryudi, Maryudi; Aktawan, Agus; Salamah, Siti
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11621

Abstract

National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion.  This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown  that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.
THE EXTRACTION OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum sp) THROUGH CALCIUM PATH TO PRODUCE SODIUM ALGINATE Pasanda, Octovianus S. R.; Azis, Abdul
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11412

Abstract

Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60 ° C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37 - 23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28 - 34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between  18, 0 - 19.8 Cp.
THE EFFECT OF CONTACT TIME AND OZON DOSE TO POLUTANTS REDUCTION IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER Prayitno, Prayitno; Saroso, Hadi; Hardjono, Hardjono; Rulianah, Sri
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11401

Abstract

In Indonesia, Hospital wastewater treatment generally use biological process followed by chlorination process. Chlorination process has a negative impact on the aquatic environment that is cause death of other microorganisms by the residual chlorine. On the other hand, ozone is more effective than chlorine in killing microorganisms and other pollutants in hospital wastewater. The objective of research is to determine the effect of contact time and dose of ozone to reduction of pollutants (BOD, COD, free Ammonia and Phenol) in hospital wastewater. The experiment was carried out using an ozone reactor containing 'packing', an ozone generator as an ozone gas supplier. The experimental material is a hospital wastewater containing BOD, COD, Phenol and Ammonia free. The experimental variables used were: Contact time (1, 2, and 3 min), Dose of ozone (10, 15, and 20 mg/ L). Experiments were done by flowing hospital waste water at the top of the reactor ozone at certain rate and simultaneously flowed ozone gas from an ozone generator in the bottom of the ozone reactor so that it contacts the fluid in counter-current to the surface of the packing material (packing) in an ozone reactor. By adjusting the flowrate of the wastewater and the height of the packing, it can be determined the amount of contact time and ozone dose. Furthermore, by measuring the amount of pollutant concentration on the influent and effluent of the ozone reactor, it can be obtained the amount of removal in the pollutant concentration of the hospital wastewater.The results showed that contact time and ozone dose influence the decrease of pollutant concentration in hospital wastewater where contact time at 3 minutes and ozone dose 20 mg/L and ozonation time 15 minutes can reduce of pollutants concentration as BOD (97%), COD (98%), Ammonia free (97%), and Phenol (96%).
ESTERIFICATION OF NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum) OIL WITH IONIC LIQUID CATALYST OF BMIMHSO4 AND MICROWAVES-ASSISTED Handayani, Prima Astuti; Wulansarie, Ria; Husaen, Paisal; Ulfayanti, Isna Mardya
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11407

Abstract

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil contains high free fatty acid (FFA) that is 21.62%. Nyamplung oil can be utilized as raw material for biodiesel production. Microwave is a method of heating that is used intensively to speed up the production process. Ionic liquid has high catalytic activity, high selectivity, can be recycled and environmentally friendly. This study learned about the esterification of nyamplung oil with ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BMIMHSO4) as catalyst and microwave-assisted. The purpose of this study is to obtain optimum condition of esterification process, with free fatty acid concentration (FFA) <2%. This study uses raw materials of nyamplung oil, methanol and BMIMHSO4 as catalyst. Equipment used in study was batch reactor equipped with temperature sensor with microwave heating system. The research variables studied were reaction temperature (50-70oC), molar ratio oil to methanol (1:30-1:60) and catalyst concentration (5-17.5%). The result of esterification reaction was analyzed by FFA (free fatty acid) content using titration analysis. The best free fatty acid (FFA) result was 1.92%, with molar ratio of oil to methanol was 1:40, catalyst concentration was 15% by weight and at 60oC for 120 min. The esterification of  nyamplung oil meets the criteria as biodiesel feedstock.

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