Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
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<![CDATA[COMPARISON OF MACERATION AND ULTRASONICATION METHODS ON INDIGOFERA TINCTORIA LINN LEAF EXTRACTION ]]>
<![CDATA[Hidayati, Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniawan, Tomy]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusumawardani, Nindya I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sari, Rahmah P.]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11405
<![CDATA[The extraction of Indigofera Tinctoria Linn leaf into natural dyes was studied using two methods: maceration and ultrasonication. Other variables tested were the differences in the degree of solvent acidity used: neutral, alcoholic, acid and base. The yield and the dye strength measured by the absorbance are response to the change of those variables. The better yields were obtained from ultrasonication method compared to the maceration one. The highest yield was shown in the result of maceration method at neutral condition, 2.3%, while in ultrasonic method was at alcoholic condition 13%. The acidity of the solvent affects the resulted colour. By using maceration method and the neutral condition produced dark blue, the acid solvent produced a grey dye, the alkaline produced a greenish dye and the alcoholic produced a brownish dye. With the aid of ultrasonication, blue dye was generated on the use of neutral, acid and alcoholic solvents, whereas brownish was on alkaline solution.]]>
<![CDATA[EFFECT OF PRESSURE IN ORGANIC WASTE BURNING PROCESS ON THE COMBUSTION RATE ]]>
<![CDATA[Naryono, Eko]]>;
<![CDATA[Budiono, Arief]]>;
<![CDATA[Santosa, Sandra]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11395
<![CDATA[The combustion process of organic waste has several drawback which produce flue gases containing pollutants SO2, HCl, tar and heavy metals (Cu, Hg, Fe, Zn, Pb, and Cr). The pollutants can be  removed  from the flue gas using a water scrubber. The process of absorption using the water scrubber  can cause a rise in pressure in the combustion chamber.This research aims to study the effect of combustion process pressure of organic waste on the combustion rate. The research was conducted by burning waste in the reactor at various flow rate of combustion air. The exhaust gases of combustion then flowed into ihe water scrubber that the height varied. The change in pressure and combustion rate of each variation of the air flow rate and the height of the water scrubber was measured. According to the results, it was obtained the correlation of combustion pressure to the  combustion rate was y = 0,844e-0,2X, where y = the combustion rate (kg/min) and x = combustion pressure (gauge, mm H2O). In addition, the increase in combustion pressure up to 21 mm of water, caused a reduction in combustion temperatures up to 50 ° C, while the combustion rate decreased to one-tenth from atmospheric combustion.]]>
<![CDATA[SYHNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN MODIFIED POLYURETHANE FOAM FOR ADSOPRTION OF MERCURY (II) IONS ]]>
<![CDATA[Darmadi, Darmadi]]>;
<![CDATA[M, Irfan]]>;
<![CDATA[M, Iqhramullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Marlina, Marlina]]>;
<![CDATA[Lubis, Mirna Rahmah]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.13614
<![CDATA[Mercury from the traditional gold mining activities in Aceh Jaya Regency causes water source and thus residents are exposed to mercury metals. In organic and inorganic conditions, mercury is toxic to the human body, causes damage to the nerve system, kidney failure, heart failure, blood pressure disorders, and damage to the immune system. The problem of mercury contamination can be chemically solved in various ways. This research uses polyurethane foam to adsorb mercury from water. The adsorption and selectivity of polyurethane foam adsorption can be improved through modification with Chitosan. In this research, preheating temperature, glycerol and toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) compositions greatly affect the physical form of foam. The condition under which optimal glycerol composition used for synthesizing the polyurethane foams is 20% (w/w of mixture A). This glycerol composition results in polyurethane foams with an optimum ratio of the mixture A/TDI/distilled water of 2 : 1 : 1. The best adsorption is obtained with polyurethane foam added by 2.5% Chitosan. The optimum mercury adsorption 25% is resulted from the operating time of 60 minutes with adsorption capacity of 0.313 mg/g. For Chitosan modified polyurethane foam, research points out that the reaction is the second order reaction. The result concluded that the polymer has semi crystalline crystallization and melting temperatures.]]>
<![CDATA[HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OF MAHOGANY (Swietenia macrophylla) SAWDUST ]]>
<![CDATA[mulhidin, mulhidin]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuliansyah, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetya, Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.12410
<![CDATA[Hydrothermal treatment is one of the thermochemical methods to convert complex organic compounds, such as organic waste and biomass, into upgraded solid, bio-oil, and other dissolved chemicals by utilizing the properties of water at near critical condition. Such method is very potential since the process is environmentally friendly and the products have more added values. In this research, conversion of mahogany sawdust (Swietenia macrophylla) using hydrothermal treatment method was studied. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave with temperature range of 200-300oC and initial pressure of 1 MPa. At targeted temperature, the process was hold for 30 minutes. In addition, biomass-water ratio (B/W ratio) for experiments was varied at 1:20, 2:20 and 3:20. The liquid products, which were characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument, showed the presence of furfural and several organic acids, but no flavonoid compounds. Thus, coloring potential test of hydrothermal liquid was unsuccessful; there were not any color attached on the cloth specimen. On the other hand, proximate and ultimate test results indicated that solid products had high heating value (HHV) of 4625.34-4876.25 cal/g which were comparable to that of sub-bituminous coal.]]>
<![CDATA[STARCH PRODUCTION FROM RED GINGER (Zinggiber officinale Rosc.) ]]>
<![CDATA[Widayat, Widayat]]>;
<![CDATA[Striadi, H.]]>;
<![CDATA[Syaiful, Syaiful]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurnia, Atik]]>;
<![CDATA[Driastuti, Faradilla]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11417
<![CDATA[Red Ginger is a natural ingredient including to spice that contain starch 40-60 % weight. Application of red ginger usually it is taken its extract or to taste of traditional food. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of settling time, the red ginger and solvent ratio, and the temperature of the solvent in the production process of red ginger starch. We hope to get the best condition to get the highest starch yield. The process of making red ginger starch begins with peeled, then washed, shredded, filtered and precipitated. Starch ginger dried by the sun's heat. The best result was obtained at 1 hour sedimentation time with red ginger starch yield 13,3%, red ginger and water ratio 3: 5 (g / g) with yield of red ginger 15,69% and temperature of solvent at 25 ᵒC with yield of red ginger starch 11.17%.]]>
<![CDATA[Conversion of Biomass of Bagasse to Syngas Through Downdraft Gasification ]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11621
<![CDATA[National energy demand has been fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources, such as natural gas, petroleum, coal and so on. However, non-renewable energy reserves deplete increasingly which can cause an energy crisis. Conversion of biomass into energy becomes one of the solutions to overcome it. Indonesia has an enormous biomass potential especially from sugarcane plantation. Sugarcane plantations produce waste of bagasse abundantly. Commonly bagasse is utilized as energy source by conventional combustion. This research studies the utilization of bagasse as energy source by gasification technology to produce gas fuel. The gasification model used in this research is downdraft gasifier equipped with cyclone to separate gas with solid or liquid gasification products. The result has shown that gasification of bagasse has produced flammable syngas. The increase of bagasse weight increases the amount of syngas of gasification process. Carbon monoxide is the greatest content of syngas, while a few amount of H2, CH4 are also detected. Bagasse through gasification process is very potential source of alternative energy, since it is derived from waste and a cheap material.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND NITRATE COMPOUND ON GROWTH, BIOMASS AND FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT ON MICROALGAE CULTURE OF Spirulina sp. and Skeletonema sp. ]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.8513
<![CDATA[Temperature and availability nutrients played an important role on growth and lipid production of microalgae. In this study, we examined the effect of increasing suhu and excessed and depleted NO3 on growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid concentration in the Spirulina sp and Skeletonema sp. Two microalgae were culture on Conway and Milne media for 21 days using continuous culture technique. There were four temperature treatments, such as 28oC, 30oC, 32oC and 34oC and three nutrient treatments, which were control nutrient treatment, without NO3 and two times NO3 concentrations from control treatments with three replicates for each treatments. Results found that increasing temperature significantly affected on biomass and concentration free fatty acid, meanwhile nutrient treatments affected on growth rate, biomass and concentration of organic Carbon. In general, increasing temperature was more affected on Spirulina sp in terms of increasing growth rate, biomass and free fatty acid concentration. However, Skeletonema sp was more responsive to availability of NO3 in the media culture for increasing free fatty acid, and percentage of free fatty acid per dry weight.]]>
<![CDATA[INNOVATION TO PISANG BARLIN (MUSA ACUMINATA AA) AS THE SUBSTITUTE FLOUR ]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11415
<![CDATA[This research is used to explore local ingredients from Musa Acuminata AA. Musa Acuminata AA foodstuffs are usually used only as a raw fruit, not much processed into another food product. Food innovation that raise local potential is needed to increase local food value. This study is an experimentation research, which is uses laboratory experiments at the Food and Beverage Laboratory of Universitas Ciputra Surabaya. Data was collected from 20 respondents by using organoleptic test. There were 3 times of organoleptic test: 1). organoleptic test with whitewash immersion (code 001); 2). organoleptic test with Citroen water immersion (code 002) and 3). organoleptic test without any immersion process (code 003). Musa Acuminata AA flour tested in Research and Industry Standardization Laboratory to know about the moisture, protein, carbohydrate, fiber and potassium. The result: nutrition content code 001. Aw 0.351(25.7C); moisture 7.27%; protein 4.00%; carbohydrate 66.65%; fiber 2.79%; potassium 819.76 mg/100g. Nutrition content for code 002: Aw 0.347(25.6C); moisture 7.30%; protein 4.00%; carbohydrate 68.58%; fiber 2.00%; potassium 780.24 mg/100g. Nutrition content for code 003 Aw 0.536(25.5C); moisture 10.04%; protein 4.01%; Nutrition content for code 68.60%; fiber 1.61%; and potassium 990.18 mg/100g.]]>
<![CDATA[SYHNTHESIS OF CHITOSAN MODIFIED POLYURETHANE FOAM FOR ADSOPRTION OF MERCURY (II) IONS ]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.13614
<![CDATA[Mercury from the traditional gold mining activities in Aceh Jaya Regency causes water source and thus residents are exposed to mercury metals. In organic and inorganic conditions, mercury is toxic to the human body, causes damage to the nerve system, kidney failure, heart failure, blood pressure disorders, and damage to the immune system. The problem of mercury contamination can be chemically solved in various ways. This research uses polyurethane foam to adsorb mercury from water. The adsorption and selectivity of polyurethane foam adsorption can be improved through modification with Chitosan. In this research, preheating temperature, glycerol and toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) compositions greatly affect the physical form of foam. The condition under which optimal glycerol composition used for synthesizing the polyurethane foams is 20% (w/w of mixture A). This glycerol composition results in polyurethane foams with an optimum ratio of the mixture A/TDI/distilled water of 2 : 1 : 1. The best adsorption is obtained with polyurethane foam added by 2.5% Chitosan. The optimum mercury adsorption 25% is resulted from the operating time of 60 minutes with adsorption capacity of 0.313 mg/g. For Chitosan modified polyurethane foam, research points out that the reaction is the second order reaction. The result concluded that the polymer has semi crystalline crystallization and melting temperatures.]]>
<![CDATA[THE EXTRACTION OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum sp) THROUGH CALCIUM PATH TO PRODUCE SODIUM ALGINATE ]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Negeri Semarang ]]>
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DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11412
<![CDATA[Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60 ° C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37 - 23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28 - 34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between 18, 0 - 19.8 Cp.]]>
