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Medical Journal of Indonesia

MJI
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Published by Universitas Indonesia

ISSN : 08531773 EISSN : 22528083 DOI : 10.13181

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)

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Articles 11 Documents

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Search results for , issue " Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November" : 11 Documents clear

Biocompatibility of various hydoxyapatite scaffolds evaluated by proliferation of rat’s bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro study Kamal, Achmad F.; Iskandriati, Diah; Dilogo, Ismail H.; Siregar, Nurjati C.; Hutagalung, Errol U.; Susworo, R.; Yusuf, Achmad A.; Bachtiar, Adang
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Scaffold (biomaterial) biocompatibility test should be performed in vitro prior to in vivo stem cell application in animal or clinical trial. These test consists of direct and indirect toxicity test (MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]). Those tests were used to identify cell morphological changes, cell-substrate adhesion impairment, and reduction in cell proliferation activity.Methods: The tested scaffolds were hydroxyapatite-calcium sulphate (HA-CaSO4) (scaffold I), nano-particular HA paste (scaffold II), synthetic HA granule (scaffold III), bovine HA granule (scaffold IV), and morsellized bovine xenograft (scaffold V). Direct contact toxicity test and MTT assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] were performed on those groups. In direct contact toxicity test, we put granules of various scaffolds within plates and incubated together with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In MTT assay we included phenol 20 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL group as positive control. Morphology, cell adhesion impairment, and cell growth were monitored daily until day-7. Cells counting in the direct contact toxicity test was conducted on day-7.Results: There were no changes on 24 hours observation after direct contact. On day-7, an impairment of cell adhesion to plastic substrates, changes in cell morphology, and cell death were observed, especially in scaffold I, scaffold II, and scaffold V. In MTT assay, only scaffold I, phenol 20 mg/mL, and phenol 100 mg/mL showed more than 50% inhibition at 24-hour and 7-day-observation. Extracts from scaffold II, III, IV, and V did not affect the viability and proliferation of bone marrow MSCs (inhibition value < 50%). Scaffold II, III, IV and V were proven non-cytotoxic and have good biocompatibility in vitro, no statistical significant differences were observed among the scaffold groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: We understand which scaffold was nontoxic or the least toxic to MSCs in vitro. Scaffold IV (bovine HA granule) showed the least toxic effect to rat’s bone marrow MSCs on direct contact test and MTT assay. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:202-8. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.600)Keywords: Biocompatibility test, direct contact test, hydroxyapatite, MTT assay, scaffold

Secondhand tobacco smoke in public venues in three Indonesian cities Byron, M. J.; Suhadi, Dollaris R.; Hepp, Lisa M.; Avila-Tang, Erika; Yang, Jingyan; Asiani, Gema; Rubaeah, Rubaeah; Tamplin, Stephen A.; Bam, Tara S.; Cohen, Joanna E.
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: The aim of this study was to measure secondhand tobacco (including kretek) smoke (SHS) concentrations in public places in Jakarta, Bogor, and Palembang before laws banning smoking in public spaces went into effect.Methods: Particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured in 15 hospitals, 15 government offices, 30 restaurants, and 26 entertainment venues throughout the three cities. Also, in Jakarta, vapor-phase nicotine was measured in 5 schools, 5 hospitals, 5 government offices, 9 restaurants, and 10 entertainment venues. Data were analyzed descriptively. Differences by city and venue characteristics were analyzed by Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni pairwise statistical tests.Results: Geometric mean PM2.5 levels were highest in entertainment venues (96 μg/m3), followed by restaurants (78 μg/m3), government offices (57 μg/m3), and hospitals (46 μg/m3). Air nicotine levels in Jakarta were highest in designated smoking areas (4.71 μg/m3) and designated non-smoking areas (1.55 μg/m3) of entertainment venues. These were followed by government offices (0.30 μg/m3), designated smoking areas (0.24 μg/m3) and designated non-smoking areas (0.19 μg/m3) of restaurants, hospitals (0.01 μg/m3), and schools (0.01 μg/m3).Conclusion: SHS was detected in all venues in the three cities in Indonesia. High levels of air nicotine were found in non-smoking areas of restaurants and entertainment venues, indicating that designated smoking areas are not an effective solution to eliminate SHS. There is no safe level of SHS exposure and thus SHS in these venues increases the risk of adverse health effects among children and adults. These findings support the need for 100% smoke-free laws covering all public venues in these and other Indonesian cities. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:232-7. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.606) Keywords: Cigarettes, kretek, protection, protect, secondhand smoke, smoke-free policy, tobacco

Myocardial damage after continuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise in rats Flora, Rostika; Ferdinal, Frans; Hernowo, Bethy S.; Wanandi, Septelia I.; Sadikin, Mohamad; Freisleben, Hans-Joachim
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Regular physical activity is highly recommended in preventive, curative, and rehabilitative programs in order to promote health, especially cardiovascular health. However, physical activity can also cause sudden death. In athletes, sudden death may occur during sport competitions, with myocardial infarction as the most common etiology. It is suspected that continuous training without any rest-day play a role in cardiac muscle damage and sudden death during competition. Our study was aimed to learn about cardiac muscle adaptation on continuous aerobic and anaerobic physical activity without any rest-day. Methods: The specimens in our study were cardiac muscle tissue obtained from rats that had performed aerobic and anaerobic physical activity on treadmill for 1, 3, 7, and 10 days without any rest-day. Blood gas analysis and hematological assessment were used as parameters of systemic adaptation to hypoxia during physical activity. Moreover, histopathology of cardiac muscle tissue was performed as parameter for cardiac muscle damage.Results: The results showed that aerobic and anaerobic physical activity caused a systemic hypoxic condition and triggered adaptation responses. Cardiac muscle damage occurred on the 10th day in both treatment groups, with more severe damage observed in the group with anaerobic physical activity. The tissue protein level in the anaerobic group increased progressively on the 10th day.Conclusion: Physical activity may result in hypoxia and systemic adaptation. Aerobic and anaerobic physical activities performed for 10 days without any rest-day may cause cardiac muscle damage. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:209-14. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.601)Keywords: Cardiac muscle, cardiac muscle damage, histopathology, physical activity

Primary malignant giant cell tumor of the patella: report of a rare case Yanuarso, Yanuarso; Kamal, Achmad F.; Hutagalung, Errol U.; Gumay, Saukani; Prabowo, Yogi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Primary malignant giant cell tumor (GCT) at the patella bone is a very rare case. It is a high-grade sarcoma characterized by a lesion in which there are areas of synchronous high-grade sarcomatous next to areas of benign GCT. A limb sparing approach is applicable to virtually any bone lesion, whether low grade or high grade. We report a case with primary malignant GCT at the patella, from diagnostic to detailed limb sparing surgery procedure. Fifteen months after surgery, the patient had a good functional outcome without local recurrence and distant metastasis. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:238-42. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.607)Keywords: Limb sparing surgery, primary malignant GCT, total patellectomy

The different pattern of blood S100B protein and GFAP concentrations in ischemic stroke Surjawan, Yenny; As’ad, Suryani; Ranakusuma, Teguh A.S.; Wijaya, Andi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: S100B protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) released during ischemia have been associated with stroke. This study aimed to know whether there was a correlation between the concentration of these markers with the severity of neurological deficit in ischemic stroke.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which involved 143 ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to hospital not more than 72 hours after the onset and fulfilled the criteria. The concentration of S100B protein and GFAP was determined by ELISA method. Blood level of S100B and GFAP in patient with mild, moderate, and severe stroke were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: There was a significant difference between S100B protein concentration among subjects with mild (median 63.31 ng/L), moderate (median 88.93 ng/L), and severe (median 511.55 ng/L) NIHSS at admission (p < 0.05). A weak significant correlation was found between the severity of NIHSS and the S100B protein concentration. The more severe the NIHSS, the higher the S100B protein concentration (r = 0.351; p < 0.001). Subjects with moderate and severe NIHSS were more frequent to have an intermediate or high level of S100B protein than the subjects with mild NIHSS (OR = 3.9; p < 0.001). The median concentration of GFAP was significantly higher in severe NIHSS subjects (median 0.374 ng/mL) than its concentration in mild (median 0.047 ng/mL) and moderate (median 0.043 ng/mL) NIHSS subjects (p < 0.05).Conclusion: S100B protein concentration was significantly higher in linier relation with the severity of NIHSS, while the GFAP concentration was significantly higher if the NIHSS had been already severe. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:215-20. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.602) Keywords: GFAP, ischemic stroke, NIHSS, S100B protein

Evaluating the superiority of honey over silver sulphadiazine dressing in shortening healing duration of burn injury: an evidence-based case report Sopandi, Sandy S.
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem associated with major morbidity and mortality. Honey has long been used in wound management due to its ability to accelerate healing rates and prevent infection. This study is conducted to evaluate the efficacy of honey dressing in shortening healing duration of burn injury compared to silver sulphadiazine (SSD).Methods: A PubMed and Proquest database search was conducted to identify relevant studies. The studies were then appraised and ranked based on their validity, importance, and level of evidence.Results: The two studies appraised in this paper supported the supremacy of honey against SSD in shortening healing duration. However, the individual quality of studies involved was low.Conclusion: Honey is an alternative treatment in shortening burn wound healing duration. Further studies are needed to support clinical application of this conclusion. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:243-7. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.608) Keywords: Burn injury, healing duration, honey, silver sulfadiazine

Reconsidering markers of oxidative stress Freisleben, Hans-Joachim
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

[no abstract available]

The effect of ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10 and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in moderate head injury: clinical outcome and serum Bcl-2 concentration Indharty, Suzy
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: An important component of brain tissue damage is apoptotic neuronal death. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein, which inhibits the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10 and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor are known for their neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to compare the effect of standard therapy, ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (simvastatin 40 mg/day) on serum Bcl-2 levels, clinical outcome, and reduction of hospital stay.Methods: Sixty subjects with moderate head injury without any indication for surgery were taken consecutively and separated into three groups: standard treatment only (control group), standard treatment combined with ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10, and standard treatment combined with inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Blood samples were taken on day-1 and day-5 from each subject for measurement of Bcl-2 concentration. Barthel Index and MMSE were measured at discharge and hospital length of stay was noted. Difference in mean was analyzed with one way ANOVA and correlation between Bcl-2 and clinical outcome was measured with Pearson correlation test.Results: Bcl-2 serum levels on day-1 and day-5 were tespectively as follows: in control group were 1.39 ± 0.75 and 1.48 ± 0.77 ng/mL; in ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10 group 1.39 ± 0.70 and 3.70 ± 1.01 ng/mL which was significantly higher compared to other groups and associated with the shortest length of stay. In simvastatin group, 1.53 ± 0.55 and 2.17 ± 0.56 ng/mL. We found the length of stay in the ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10 group to be significantly shorter (p < 0.001). The correlation of clinical outcome (Barthel index and MMSE) with serum Bcl-2 levels was not significant.Conclusion: ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10 significantly increased serum Bcl-2 concentration in head injury and associated with shorter length of stay. An increase of serum Bcl-2 concentration was also found in simvastatin group, but it was not significant. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:221-6. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.604)Keywords: ACTH4-10Pro8Gly9Pro10, Bcl-2, traumatic brain injury

Emergency contraception – a neglected option for birth control Gunardi, Eka R.; Fernando, Darrell
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Emergency contraception (EC) is any method of contraception which is used after intercourse and before the potential time of implantation, in order to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected or inadequately protected sexual intercourse, or cases of rape. Use of emergency contraception could halve the number of unintended pregnancies and the consequent need for abortion, but unfortunately many medical professionals and the public are not aware of it. Two methods are available for emergency contraception, namely emergency contraception pills (ECPs) and copper-bearing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs). There are two regimens of ECP, the levonorgestrel regimen and combined regimen. The levonorgestrel regimen is preferred as it is more effective and causes less side effects. ECPs should be administered as soon as possible after unprotected or inadequately protected sex, being most effective if initiated within 24 hours. Cu-IUDs can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sexual intercourse. Emergency contraception mainly works by preventing fertilization, and does not interrupt and established pregnancy. Emergency contraception is very safe, therefore can be offered to women who have had unprotected intercourse and wish to prevent pregnancy. It must only be used as a backup method of birth control. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:248-52. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.609)Keywords: Birth control, copper-IUD, emergency contraception, emergency contraceptive pills, levonorgestrel

Influence of 17β-estradiol treatment on the expression of NF-κB in complete hydatidiform mole culture Nurseta, Tatit; Irwanto, Yahya; Utami, Rahmi
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 4 (2013): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Genetic evidence has established a role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in oncogenesis. However, activity of NF-κB in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) cell culture under 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment is not yet known. Recently, a positive cross-talk between estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-κB to promote survival and progress of cancer cells to a more aggressive phenotype was established. In the present study, we examined the influence of E2 treatment on the NF-κB expression in CHM’s culture.Methods: This experimental study measured the expression of NF-κB in CHM culture treated with E2: 10, 100, 300, 600, and 1000 pg/mL and without E2. Imunohistochemistry staining was used to assess the expression of NF-κB. Microphotographs were taken using 400x magnification. Adobe photoshop CS2 was used to assess the NF-κB expression in cell nucleus. The lower the color intensity of cell RGBbv, is the higher the expression of NF-κB in cells. ANOVA test was performed to compare the expression of NF-κB.Results: NF-κB expression as indicated by color intensity in control group was 114.84 ± 9.02. NF-κB expression in E2 treatment groups were respectively: E2 10 pg/mL: 106.30 ± 13.95; E2 100 pg/mL: 82.47 ± 4.72; E2 300 pg/mL: 82.24 ± 2.67; E2 600 pg/mL: 69.05 ± 6.47; E2 1000 pg/mL: 68.49 ± 2.37. There was progressive decline in color intensity of cells with E2 treatment indicating the increase expression of NF-κB. Significant differences with the control group occurred in doses of E2 100, 300, 600, dan 1000 pg/mL.Conclusion: Treatment of CHM trophoblast culture with escalating doses of E2 was associated with the increase of NF-κB expression in a dose dependent manner. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:197-201. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.599)Keywords: 17-β Estradiol, Hydatidiform mole, NF-κB

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