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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Idu, MacDonald
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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 1 
Antioxidant and Chromatographic Profile of Ganoderma lucidum Idu, MacDonald; Okojie, Susan Omo; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma; Okhuoya, John  A. 
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.3475

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus which possesses a wide range of biological activities due to its nutritional, antioxidant and therapeutic values. This study examine the antioxidant and phytochemical properties of G. lucidum aqueous extracts in Sample A (boiled for 1 hour) and Sample B (boiled for 3 hours). The antioxidant activity and DPPH radical-scavenging assay were determined using standard procedures, while further phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined through chromatographic analysis. Sample A demonstrated higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.85%) while Sample B, displayed an increased trend with time compared with ascorbate. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) analysis, revealed Sample A with higher TAC (56.79 mg/ml) than Sample B (51.71 mg/ml). Phytochemical composition of G. lucidum aqueous extracts exhibited higher percentage of alkaloids at Sample A (3.00 ± 0.12%) and TAC (56.79 ± 0.04 µg/ml), while Sample B displayed higher percentages of saponins (8.00 ± 0.12%), flavonoids (51.50 ± 0.77 µg/ml), proanthocyanidins (38.23 ± 0.18 µg/ml), phenols (16.18 ± 0.07 µg/ml), and FRAP (64.00 ± 2.00 mg/ml). Chromatographic profiles illustrated that both samples displayed 32 peaks, with varying constituents. The highest peak in Sample A was recorded at PEAK 22 (31.317), while in Sample B was observed at PEAK 37 (35.927). These peaks represented different identified constituents, including Pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-3, 2'-spiro-benzo-1, 3-dioxolane-Benzene, 1,3,5-tris(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-iodo-4-nitro-Propanamide, and 2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)-. These findings provide insights into the potential health benefits associated with G. lucidum and guide further exploration of its bioactive compounds.
Anti-intra Ocular Pressure of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Leaf Aqueous Extract on Prednisolone-Induced intra Ocular Pressure in Rabbits Odjimogho, Stella E.; Idu, MacDonald; Odjimogho, Sunny E.; Gabriel, Benjamin O.
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 1 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i1.4590

Abstract

Intraocular pressure is generated by the dynamics of secretion and outflow of aqueous humour, a transparent colorless fluid (secretion) that fills the complex space in the front part of the eye. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Stachytarpheta jamaicensi leaf aqueous extract on induced intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits to validate its ocular potential. The experiment involved twenty five (25) healthy adult rabbits (n=5), divided into negative positive and positive control (0.5% timolol), and the treatment groups (SJ) at graded concentrations (0.00351, 0.00702 and 0.0143 mg/ml).The baseline IOP value of all rabbits were measured with Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer before the commencement of the study. Thereafter, the IOP of the experimental and treatment groups were induced with daily instillation of 1% prednisolone suspension for one week until IOP reading was 5 mm. Hg above the baseline level. The treatment groups were administered with varying concentrations of the aqueous extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. The IOP was also measured at intervals before each application of aqueous extract until the IOP returned to baseline level. The result showed the distribution of the mean IOP before, and after instillation with 1% Prednisolone suspension and the treatment with varying concentrations of S. jamaicensis extract. The observed mean IOP before and after the treatment with prednisolone was 8.77±0.5 mmHg, and 14.2±0.51 mmHg respectively. After oral application of S. jamaicensis extract had a significant mean IOP decrease across the days when compared with the controls. The decrease in mean IOP was observed with a significant increase at higher concentrations of the extract, hence the plant caused a reduction in IOP level. Inconclusion, the plants have been implicated in reducing intraocular pressure in rabbits, thus may be helpful in the management of intraocular pressure (IOP), thereby, required further study to validate the efficacy of the extract.
Biosafety Profiling of “Makann”, a Bi-herbal Formulation in Histopatology of the Brain and Uterus Itemire, Anne Oghenekevwe; Idu, MacDonald; Enitome, Bafor Evi; Eze, Gerald Ikechi; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5456

Abstract

The biosafety of Garcinia kola and Carica papaya aqueous root extract "makann," a bi-herbal formulation, on the brain and uterus of female mice was examined. Plant roots were harvested, washed, shade-dried, and processed into an aqueous formulation extract. The bi-herbal formulation extract was administered orally at a dose of 2 g/kg in the treatment groups, as a single dose for 24 hr and 14 days, with a daily dose of 2 g/kg for 14 days. The investigation measured body weight, temperature, hematological parameters, organ weights (brain and uterus), and histology of the organs using standard experimental techniques. The results revealed no significant changes in body weight and temperature in the treated animals compared to the control group in all treatment groups. Hematological parameters in the 24-hour treated group showed a significant increase in white blood cell count, lymphocytes, red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared to the control (p<0.05). However, in 24-hr single, 14-day single and 14-day daily doses, platelet count was significantly increased. The organ weights of the brain and utserus showed no significant difference in bi-herbal formulation extract-treated groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). Histopathological evaluations of the examined organs did not reveal any lesions or signs of toxicity in the brain and uterus across all treatment groups compared to the control. In conclusion, the non-adverse changes in the parameters studied suggest that the bi-herbal formulation at 2 g/kg and for a period not more than 2 weeks may exhibit minimal or no toxicity, and its effect on long-term use should be investigated.
Co-Authors Eboreime, Ofunre Ozolua Enitome, Bafor Evi Eze, Gerald Ikechi Gabriel, Benjamin O. Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma Ifechukwude, Grace Nonye Inomo, Innocent Inomo Itemire, Anne Oghenekevwe Odjimogho, Stella E. Odjimogho, Sunny E. Ofeimun, Josephine Omose Okhuoya, John  A.  Okojie, Susan Omo Oloruntoba, Evonamhe Emmanuel