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Nurrachmat Mulianto
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Journal : journal of social research

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Physical Stability Evaluation of 5% Curcuma Longa Extract Using the Maceration Extraction Method Azhar Arrosyid; Nurrachmat Mulianto; Nugrohoaji Dharmawan
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 12 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i12.2879

Abstract

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a medicinal plant widely used for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Cream formulations are ideal for topical delivery due to their ease of application, good absorption, and patient acceptability. The maceration method is a simple and cost-effective technique for obtaining plant extracts without compromising bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the physical stability of a cream formulation containing 5% Curcuma longa extract prepared using the maceration extraction method. The extract was prepared through maceration of dried turmeric rhizome using ethanol, followed by evaporation to obtain the concentrated extract. The cream was formulated with stearic acid, cera alba, vaselin album, triethanolamine, propylene glycol, and distilled water as base components. Physical stability parameters were tested over seven days, including pH, dispersion, and adhesion tests. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test. The pH values ranged from 7.33 to 7.50 (p = 0.006), indicating mild alkalinity but remaining within an acceptable range for topical application. Dispersion remained stable throughout the observation period (p = 0.452), while adhesion increased significantly from 182.71 to 200.04 seconds (p = 0.006), suggesting improved cohesiveness. The 5% Curcuma longa extract cream demonstrated good physical stability, indicating that the maceration method is a viable approach for developing stable topical herbal formulations.
Evaluating the Serofast State in Syphilis: A Study of Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Markers, and HIV Status Lifesia Natali Lidjaja; Endra Yustin Ellistasari; Muhammad Eko Irawanto; Arie Kusumawardani; Nurrachmat Mulianto
Journal of Social Research Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v5i4.3097

Abstract

Syphilis remains a significant global health burden, particularly among high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). A major challenge in management is the serofast state, where patients fail to achieve serological cure despite adequate treatment. The immunological mechanisms driving this, especially in the context of HIV co-infection, remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate clinical and immunological factors associated with serofast status versus serological cure. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 40 patients diagnosed with syphilis (early latent, late latent, or secondary). Data on demographics, HIV status, CD4/CD8 counts, and pre- and post-treatment VDRL titers were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of the serofast outcome. The cohort was predominantly males (90.0%) and unmarried (80.0%). HIV co-infection was identified as the sole independent predictor of the serofast state (aOR = 10.94; 95% CI: 1.72-69.65; p=0.011). While post-treatment VDRL titers significantly decreased in the total cohort, the serofast group retained significantly higher antibody levels compared to the serological cure group (p<0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found in CD4 counts, CD8 counts, or CD4/CD8 ratios between the two groups. HIV co-infection is a strong predictor of the serofast state in syphilis patients. The lack of significant differences in quantitative cellular immune markers suggests that the persistence of antibodies may be driven by functional immune dysregulation rather than absolute T-cell depletion. These findings emphasize the need for vigilant serological monitoring in HIV-syphilis co-infected individuals.
Co-Authors Arie Kusumawardani Azhar Arrosyid Endra Yustin Ellistasari Lifesia Natali Lidjaja Muhammad Eko Irawanto Nugrohoaji Dharmawan