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All Journal Journal of Regional Development and Technology Initiatives Perwakilan: Journal of Good Governance, Diplomacy, Customary Institutionalization and Social Networks
Abdullah A Afifi
Graduate School of Business, Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Reconstructing the Concept of Bela Negara: From Excessive Jargon to an Empirical Civic-based Approach Abdullah A Afifi; Andriyaldi Andriyaldi; Hanief Adrian
Perwakilan: Journal of Good Governance, Diplomacy, Customary Institutionalization and Social Networks Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : IDRIS Darulfunun Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58764/j.prwkl.2024.2.85

Abstract

The term bela negara (BN) has been widely used in Indonesian national discourse, often associated with state-led campaigns, ideological ceremonies, and symbolic narratives. However, its application has increasingly shown symptoms of conceptual excessivism, overused, abstract, and disconnected from everyday civic life. This article aims to reconstruct BN into a measurable and meaningful framework through an empirical, civic-based approach. By adapting behavioral and marketing evaluation models, such as customer satisfaction index (CSI), servqual, and theory of planned behavior, this paper proposes the model partisipasi bela negara (MPBN). The model offers six key dimensions: public awareness, perceived relevance, emotional engagement, civic intention, real action, and loyalty to the national narrative. These dimensions enable both scholars and policymakers to assess the effectiveness of BN initiatives based on citizen experience and engagement. The model serves as a strategic tool for transforming BN concept into a participatory, democratic, and context-sensitive concept, particularly relevant in today’s digital and pluralistic society. Rather than functioning as a rigid ideological imposition, BN should evolve into an inclusive civic identity that empowers public participation and strengthens national cohesion through trust, value, and meaningful contribution.
How Indonesia Should Go Further with Decentralization: Revisiting the Views and the Visions Abdullah A Afifi
Perwakilan: Journal of Good Governance, Diplomacy, Customary Institutionalization and Social Networks Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : IDRIS Darulfunun Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58764/j.prwkl.2024.2.91

Abstract

Indonesia’s vast geography and cultural diversity pose long-standing challenges to the centralized governance systems. Following the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998, the country embarked on an ambitious decentralization campaign, transferring authority and resources from the central government to local governments through Laws No. 22 and 25 of 1999. Despite the progress made, recent trends suggest a drift back toward recentralization and inefficiencies in subnational governance. This article investigates how Indonesia should move forward with a deeper and more coherent decentralization policy, drawing insights from the ideas of key early independence-era thinkers, as well as the reform era. Using a qualitative historical-interpretive approach, the study analyzes political writings, speeches, and conceptual contributions of late figures, framed alongside policy and governance developments in post-Reformasi Indonesia. The findings reveal that decentralization was not merely an administrative concern but a philosophical and moral imperative for these thinkers. Hatta promoted village autonomy; Sjahrir advocated democratic pluralism; Malaka emphasized grassroots empowerment, while the reformists underscored decentralization as a pillar of democratic resilience. The study concludes that Indonesia’s decentralization project must go beyond partial devolution. It should embody the ethical and participatory principles rooted in the country's intellectual tradition that work towards strengthening local democracy, fiscal independence, regional capability, and innovation. Reviving these foundational visions is vital to ensuring that decentralization serves not just efficiency, but also the quality of justice, inclusivity, prosperity, and national diversity.
One Roof Integrated Six-Year Secondary High School in Indonesia: A Proposal for Efficiency and Quality Improvement Abdullah A Afifi; Mona Eliza; Nor Anisa Arifin
Perwakilan: Journal of Good Governance, Diplomacy, Customary Institutionalization and Social Networks Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : IDRIS Darulfunun Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58764/j.prwkl.2024.2.92

Abstract

Indonesia’s secondary education system is currently divided into two distinct stages: junior and senior high school. While this structure aligns with traditional education policy frameworks, it has shown inefficiency in addressing Indonesia’s education vision, geographic diversity, resource limitations, and quality disparities, particularly in rural and remote areas. This article proposes the integration into a unified six-year secondary school model as a solution to systemic inefficiencies and quality concerns. By analyzing educational statistics, policy documents, and international best practices, this paper outlines the potential of integrated secondary schools to reduce operational fragmentation, optimize teacher deployment, and strengthen curriculum continuity. Drawing from a qualitative document analysis approach, the article references data from the government records and relevant international practices from other countries. The articles also provide the case study made in Perguruan Darulfunun Payakumbuh. The discussion highlights how school mergers can maximize infrastructure utilization, reduce student retention, optimize teacher allocation, relieve costs, and enrich student learning. Key challenges identified include legal and administrative adjustments, resistance from local stakeholders, and the need for professional teacher realignment. This integrated model aligns with the national compulsory education mandate, ensuring a smoother transition between lower and upper secondary education. The article concludes by recommending phased policy reform and pilot programs to explore the feasibility and scalability in diverse regional contexts across Indonesia.
Waqf, Shared Value and the Rise of Society Governance Abdullah A Afifi
Perwakilan: Journal of Good Governance, Diplomacy, Customary Institutionalization and Social Networks Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : IDRIS Darulfunun Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58764/j.prwkl.2025.3.138

Abstract

This article advances the argument that waqf (Islamic endowment) constitutes a foundational model of society governance, in which communities institutionalize moral responsibility into durable public capacity. Rather than viewing waqf solely as a charitable or financial instrument, the study conceptualizes it as a governance architecture that enables societies to mobilize, preserve, and deploy resources for collective welfare independent of fluctuating political regimes. Through a narrative-historical analysis, the article traces waqf’s evolution from the Prophetic model of trust-based stewardship and the institutional consolidation under the early caliphs, to its resilience during dynastic centralization, its fiscal institutionalization in the Ottoman period, and its contemporary transformation within modern regulatory frameworks. Central to the analysis is the proposition that waqf embodies an early and enduring form of shared value creation. By preserving endowed capital while continuously generating social returns, waqf integrates economic sustainability with public benefit. This dual function positions waqf as a bridge between moral economy and modern governance theory, aligning closely with contemporary debates on stakeholder capitalism, sustainable development, and civil society resilience. The article further argues that waqf is more than its challenges. While issues of governance reform, transparency, and asset optimization remain significant, these represent transitional adjustments rather than structural weaknesses. Properly institutionalized, waqf strengthens community autonomy, enhances accountability through trusteeship, and sustains intergenerational responsibility. In an era marked by fiscal strain and institutional distrust, waqf offers a society-centered governance paradigm capable of generating shared value and reinforcing collective capacity beyond the limits of state and market mechanisms.
Co-Authors Andanastuti Muchtar Andriyaldi Andriyaldi Evan Azami Hanief Adrian Mona Eliza Navina Kumar Nor Anisa Arifin Nor Anisa Arifin Nor Anisa Arifin Nur Natasha Roslan